DP Physics Questionbank

Description

Overview of the essential ideas for this option

B.1: The basic laws of mechanics have an extension when equivalent principles are applied to rotation. Actual objects have dimensions and they require the expansion of the point particle model to consider the possibility of different points on an object having different states of motion and/or different velocities.

B.2: The first law of thermodynamics relates the change in internal energy of a system to the energy transferred and the work done. The entropy of the universe tends to a maximum.

Directly related questions

• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.7d: Outline why an efficiency calculation is important for an engineer designing a heat engine.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.7c.ii: Determine, without any calculation, whether the net work done by the engine during one full cycle...
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.7c.i: Explain, without any calculation, why the pressure after this change would belower if the process...
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.7b.iii: For the process BC, calculate, in J, the thermal energy transferred to the gas.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.7b.ii: For the process BC, calculate, in J, the change in the internal energy of the gas.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.7b.i: For the process BC, calculate, in J, the work done by the gas.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.7a: Show that the pressure at B is about 5 × 105 Pa.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.ii: Calculate the work done by the child in moving from the edge to the centre.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.i: Explain why the angular speed will increase.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.6c: Calculate the new angular speed of the rotating system.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.6b.ii: Calculate, for the merry-go-round after one revolution, the angular momentum.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.6b.i: Calculate, for the merry-go-round after one revolution, the angular speed. 
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.6a: Show that the angular acceleration of the merry-go-round is 0.2 rad s–2.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.7e: There are various equivalent versions of the second law of thermodynamics. Outline the benefit...
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.7d.ii: Outline the change in entropy of the gas during the cooling at constant volume.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.7d.i: Sketch, on the pV diagram, the complete cycle of changes for the gas, labelling the changes...
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.7c: Determine the thermal energy which enters the gas during this expansion.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.7b: Calculate, in J, the work done by the gas during this expansion.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.7a: Show that the final volume of the gas is about 53 m3.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6b.ii: Describe the effect of F on the angular speed of the wheel.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6a.iii: Determine the angular velocity of the wheel at B.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6a.ii: In moving from point A to point B, the centre of mass of the wheel falls through a vertical...
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.6a.i: The moment of inertia of the wheel is 1.3 × 10–4 kg m2. Outline what is meant by the moment of...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.8d: Using your sketched graph in (b), identify the feature that shows that net work is done by the...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.8c: The initial temperature of the gas is 290 K. Calculate the temperature of the gas at the start of...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.8b: Using the axes, sketch the three-step cycle.
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.8a: Show that the volume of the gas at the end of the adiabatic expansion is approximately 5.3 x 10–3...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.7e: The angle of the incline is slowly increased from zero. Determine the angle, in terms of the...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.7d: State the relationship between the force of friction and the angle of the incline.
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.7c: Calculate the acceleration of the hoop when θ = 20°. Assume that the hoop continues to roll...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.7b: Show that the linear acceleration a of the hoop is given by the equation shown. a...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.7a: On the diagram, draw and label the forces acting on the hoop.
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.6a: Explain what is meant by proper length.
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.10d: The Hubble Space reflecting telescope has a Cassegrain mounting. Outline the main optical...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.10c: The final image of the Moon is observed through the eyepiece. The focal length of the eyepiece is...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.10b: When the Earth-Moon distance is 363 300 km, the Moon is observed using the telescope. The mean...
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.10a: Complete the diagram, with a Newtonian mounting, continuing the two rays to show how they pass...
• 10N.2.HL.TZ0.B3d: (i)     State the meanings of \(Q\) and \(W\). \(Q\): \(W\): (ii)     Describe how the first...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.13: The graph below shows the variation of the pressure \(p\) with volume \(V\) of an ideal gas...
• 10M.1.HL.TZ1.14: The diagram shows the pressure \(p\) and volume \(V\) relationship for one cycle of operation of...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7b: State and explain at which point in the cycle ABCA the entropy of the gas is the largest.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7a.iv: Determine the efficiency of the heat engine.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7a.iii: Show that the thermal energy removed from the gas for the change BC is approximately 330 J.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7a.ii: Show that the temperature of the gas at C is 386 K.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.7a.i: Justify why the thermal energy supplied during the expansion AB is 416 J.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.6c.ii: Calculate the loss of rotational kinetic energy due to the linking of the probe with the satellite.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.6c.i: Determine the final angular speed of the probe–satellite system.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.6b: The forces act for 2.00 s. Show that the final angular speed of the probe is about 16 rad\(\,\)s–1.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.6a.ii: Calculate the resultant torque about the axis of the probe.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.6a.i: Deduce the linear acceleration of the centre of mass of the probe.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6e: State a reason why a Carnot cycle is of little use for a practical heat engine.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.ii: The volume at C is 2.90 × 10–3\(\,\)m3. Calculate the temperature at C.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6d.i: Show that \({P_B}V_B^{\frac{5}{3}} = nR{T_C}V_C^{\frac{2}{3}}\)
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6c.ii: The volume at B is 2.30 × 10–3\(\,\)m3. Determine the pressure at B.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6c.i: Determine the temperature of the gas at A.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6b: Identify the two isothermal processes.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.6a: State what is meant by an adiabatic process.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5b.ii: Calculate the number of revolutions made by the system before it comes to rest.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5b.i: Show that the angular deceleration of the system is 0.043 rad\(\,\)s–2.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5a.iv: Determine in terms of M and v the energy lost during the collision.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5a.iii: Hence, show that \(\omega  = \frac{v}{{4R}}\).
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5a.ii: Just after the collision the system begins to rotate about the vertical axis with angular...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.5a.i: Write down an expression, in terms of M, v and R, for the angular momentum of the system about...
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.10d: Discuss the production of waste heat by the power plant with reference to the first law and the...
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.10c: The nuclear power plant works at 71.0% of the Carnot efficiency. The power produced is 1.33 GW....
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.10b: Explain, with a reason, why a real nuclear power plant operating between the stated temperatures...
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.10a: Calculate the Carnot efficiency of the nuclear power plant.
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.9: The diagram shows two methods of pedalling a bicycle using a force F. In method 1 the pedal is...
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.8c: (i) Calculate the tension in the string. (ii) Determine the mass m of the falling object.
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.8b: Show that the torque acting on the flywheel is about 0.3 Nm.
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.8a: The velocity of the falling object is 1.89 m s–1 at 3.98 s. Calculate the average angular...
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.8b: (i) State the change in entropy of a gas for the adiabatic expansion from A to D. (ii) Explain,...
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.8a: (i) Calculate the temperature at C. (ii) Calculate the change in internal energy for AC. (iii)...
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.7d: The solid cylinder is replaced by a hollow cylinder of the same mass and radius. Suggest how this...
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.7c: A block of ice is placed on the slope beside the solid cylinder and both are released at the same...
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.7b: (i) The moment of inertia of a cylinder about its axis is \(I = \frac{1}{2}M{R^2}\). Show that,...
• 16M.3.SL.TZ0.7a: State why F is the only force providing a torque about the axis of the cylinder.
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.10: An ideal gas expands isothermally from a state X to a new state of volume \(V\). The work done by...
• 10M.1.SL.TZ1.11: A gas is contained in a cylinder by a piston. The gas is compressed rapidly by moving the...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.12: Which of the following correctly describes the entropy changes of the water molecules and the...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.11: A positive amount of thermal energy \(Q\) is transferred to an ideal gas from its surroundings....
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.8c: Estimate the total work done in the cycle.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.8b: With reference to the first law of thermodynamics, explain for the change of state A to B, why...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ2.8a: A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle. The P–V diagram for the cycle is shown below. In the...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.5c: ...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.5b: ...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.5a: ...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.12: The diagram shows the...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.11: During an adiabatic expansion, a...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ2.12: The following statement refers to question 11 and question 12. A gas is contained in a thermally...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.9d: Explain how the diagram can be used to calculate the net work done during one cycle.
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.9c: Process CD is an adiabatic change. Discuss, with reference to the first law of thermodynamics,...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.9b: State the nature of the change in the gas that takes place during process BC in the cycle.
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.9a: At point A in the cycle, the fuel-air mixture is at 18 °C. During process AB, the gas is...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.8g: Outline, with reference to the first law of thermodynamics, the direction of change in...
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.8f: Determine the work done during the change represented by line A.
• 14N.2.HL.TZ0.8e: The graph shows how the pressure \(P\) of a fixed mass of gas varies with volume \(V\). The lines...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.4b: Compare, without any calculation, the work done and the thermal energy supplied along route ABC...
• 15N.2.HL.TZ0.4a: Calculate the temperature of the gas at point C.
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.10: A system consists of a refrigerator with its door open operating in a thermally insulated room....
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.9: The graph shows how the volume of a system varies with pressure during a cycle ABCA. What is...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.4c: Identify and explain the change, if any, in the entropy of the gas when it has completed one cycle.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.4b: The change AB is isothermal and occurs at a temperature of 420K. Calculate the number of moles of...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.4a: Estimate the total work done in the cycle.
• 15M.2.SL.TZ1.3b: Three ice cubes at a temperature of 0°C are dropped into a container of water at a temperature of...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.9: A block of ice at 0°C is placed on a surface and allowed to melt completely to give water at 0°C....
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.8: An ideal gas undergoes adiabatic expansion from state X to a new state of volume V. During this...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ1.7b: Three ice cubes at a temperature of 0ºC are dropped into a container of water at a temperature of...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.7e: For the cycle identify, with the letter I, an isochoric (isovolumetric) change.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.7f: The temperature at point X is 310 K. Calculate the temperature at point Y.
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.7g: The shaded area WXYZ is 610 J. The total thermal energy transferred out of the gas in one cycle...
• 15M.2.HL.TZ2.7h: The work done on the gas during the adiabatic compression XY is 210 J. Determine the change in...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ1.12: The pressure–volume (P–V) graph shows an adiabatic compression of a fixed mass of an ideal...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.12: Which process will increase the entropy of the local surroundings? A. The melting of a block of...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.7e: (i) State what is meant by an isothermal process. (ii) Show that process AB is isothermal.
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.7f: State the nature of process BC.
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.7h: Explain why it is not possible for this engine, operating in this cycle, to be 100% efficient.
• 14M.2.HL.TZ1.7g: During the cycle ABCD, the net work done by the gas is 550J. Calculate the net thermal energy...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.9: Which of the following can be deduced from the second law of thermodynamics? A. Thermal energy...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.11: The entropy of a system is a measure of the system’s A. total energy only.B. degree of disorder...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.12: Water in a container freezes. Which of the following correctly describes the change in entropy of...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.10: The diagram shows a P–V cycle for a particular gas. In which of the following changes is no...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.11: An ideal gas expands adiabatically. What energy change is true for the gas? A. It gains thermal...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.8: The graph shows the variation of pressure P with volume V of an ideal gas during a thermodynamic...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.9: A piece of ice melts at constant temperature. Which of the following gives the correct change in...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.9: Which of the following statements is consistent with the second law of thermodynamics? A....
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.8: A fixed mass of gas is compressed in a very short period of time. Which of the following...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.8: The entropy of a system A. will decrease if the system’s temperature is increased. B. is...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.7: In the P–V diagram below, which line could represent an adiabatic change for an ideal gas?
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.12b: The graph shows how the pressure P of a sample of a fixed mass of an ideal gas varies with volume...
• 13M.2.HL.TZ1.12a: With respect to a gas, explain the meaning of the terms thermal energy and internal energy.
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.11: An isolated system consists of a block of ice floating in a glass of water. The ice melts...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.10: The graph shows the variation of pressure P with volume V for a gas undergoing an adiabatic...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.10a: State which of the processes is isothermal, isochoric (isovolumetric) or isobaric. Process...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.10b: The temperature of the gas at A is 300K. Calculate the temperature of the gas at B.
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.10c: The increase in internal energy of the gas during process AB is 4100J. Determine the heat...
• 12M.2.HL.TZ1.10d: The gas is compressed at constant temperature. Explain what changes, if any, occur to the entropy...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.11c: Explain, with reference to the first law of thermodynamics, and without further calculation, the...
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.11a: Using data from the graph above, identify which gas, A or B, undergoes the isothermal expansion.
• 11N.2.HL.TZ0.11b: Using the graph opposite, estimate the difference in work done by each gas.
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.6c: The piston is now pushed in slowly so that the compression is isothermal. Discuss the entropy...
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.6a: Calculate the number of moles of air in the cylinder.
• 12N.2.HL.TZ0.6b: The cork leaves the toy after the air is compressed to a pressure of 1.9×105Pa and a volume of...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.4c: The gas in (b) is kept in the cylinder by a freely moving piston. The gas is now heated at...
• 13N.2.HL.TZ0.4d: After heating, the gas is compressed rapidly to its original volume in (b). Outline why this...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.8: Which of the following is equivalent to the principle of energy conservation? A. Newton’s first...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.9: An ideal gas undergoes the thermodynamic changes represented in the P –V diagram below...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.4c: The gas is isothermally compressed from state B back to state A. (i) Using the P–V diagram axes...
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.4a: Calculate the temperature of the gas in state B.
• 11M.2.HL.TZ1.4b: (i) Calculate the work done by the gas in expanding from state A to state B. (ii) Determine the...