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A.4 Innate and learned behaviour

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Option A: Neurobiology and behaviour » Option A: Neurobiology and behaviour (Additional higher level topics) » A.4 Innate and learned behaviour

Description

Nature of science:
Looking for patterns, trends and discrepancies—laboratory experiments and field investigations helped in the understanding of different types of behaviour and learning. (3.1)

Understandings:

Innate behaviour is inherited from parents and so develops independently of the environment.
Autonomic and involuntary responses are referred to as reflexes.
Reflex arcs comprise the neurons that mediate reflexes.
Reflex conditioning involves forming new associations.
Learned behaviour develops as a result of experience.
Imprinting is learning occurring at a particular life stage and is independent of the consequences of behaviour.
Operant conditioning is a form of learning that consists of trial and error experiences.
Learning is the acquisition of skill or knowledge.
Memory is the process of encoding, storing and accessing information.

Applications and skills:

Application: Withdrawal reflex of the hand from a painful stimulus.
Application: Pavlov’s experiments into reflex conditioning in dogs.
Application: The role of inheritance and learning in the development of birdsong.
Skill: Analysis of data from invertebrate behaviour experiments in terms of the effect on chances of survival and reproduction.
Skill: Drawing and labelling a diagram of a reflex arc for a pain withdrawal reflex.

Guidance:

Drawing of reflex arc should include the receptor cell, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron and effector.

Theory of knowledge:

It is easy for us to guess how the behaviour of an animal might influence its chance of survival and reproduction. Is intuition a valid starting point for scientists?

Aims:

Aim 7: Data logging using an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor to analyse neuromuscular reflexes.
Aim 8: Experiments with animals—implications of today’s animal policies for experimental science in Pavlov’s experiments.

Directly related questions

17N.3.HL.TZ0.08: Outline innate and learned behaviour.
17M.3.HL.TZ2.6c: Outline the structure of a reflex arc.
17M.3.HL.TZ1.6d: Using an example, describe how innate behaviour may increase the chances of survival of a species.
17M.3.HL.TZ1.6c: Predict whether an animal such as a laboratory rat could be encouraged to learn a new behaviour...
16N.3.HL.TZ0.6b: Describe an example of learned behaviour.
16M.3.HL.TZ0.7a: With respect to Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, distinguish between the conditioned and...
16M.3.HL.TZ0.4c: Draw an arrow on the diagram of the reflex arc to show the direction of impulses.
16M.3.HL.TZ0.4b: Label the diagram of the reflex arc with the names of the neurons indicated.
15M.3.SL.TZ2.13c: Distinguish between the times spent walking and grooming for honey bees fed with ethanol and...
15M.3.SL.TZ2.13d: Evaluate the hypothesis that ethanol affects the social behaviour of honey bees.
15M.3.SL.TZ2.13b: Describe the trends in antennation for honey bees fed with ethanol and without ethanol.
15M.3.HL.TZ1.5a: Label the numbered parts of the reflex arc.
15M.3.SL.TZ1.13b: Compare the data for plastic and paper flowers.
15M.3.SL.TZ1.13d: Discuss how learning to find nectar using mechanoreceptors could lead to improved chances of...
15M.3.SL.TZ1.14b: Salivation is normally a simple reflex. Explain the role of sensory, relay and motor neurons in a...
15M.3.HL.TZ2.4c: Distinguish between the times spent walking and grooming for honey bees fed with ethanol and...
15M.3.HL.TZ2.4d: Evaluate the hypothesis that ethanol affects the social behaviour of honey bees.
15M.3.SL.TZ1.13a: Identify the trial for each flower type that shows the greatest variation. Paper: Plastic:
15M.3.SL.TZ1.14a: The diagram above shows the set up similar to that used in Pavlov’s experiments on conditioning...
15M.3.HL.TZ2.4b: Describe the trends in antennation for honey bees fed with ethanol and without ethanol.
15M.3.SL.TZ1.13c: Outline the evidence from the data that the ability to find nectar using mechanoreceptors is a...
15M.3.HL.TZ2.5c: Describe, using one specific example of an animal, how the process of learning can improve its...
15N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: Draw a labelled diagram of a reflex arc for a pain withdrawal reflex.
15N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Distinguish between innate behaviour and learned behaviour.
15N.3.HL.TZ0.5a(i): State the type of stimulus provided by the sight and smell of the food.
13M.3.HL.TZ1.4a: Identify the season and light conditions which result in the strongest northerly direction flown...
13M.3.HL.TZ1.4d: Using the data in the diagram, deduce with a reason, whether European robins migrate during the...
15N.3.HL.TZ0.5a(ii): State the function of the tube.
13M.3.HL.TZ1.4e: Scientists anesthetized the beaks of some robins in order to deactivate...
13M.3.HL.TZ1.4b: Distinguish between the effect of red light and green light on the behaviour of the robins in...
13M.3.HL.TZ1.4c: Based on the results of these experiments, suggest one possible conclusion that could be drawn...
13M.3.SL.TZ1.13 c: Suggest one reason for the large error bars on days 14 and 15.
13M.3.SL.TZ1.13 a: State the difference in neuron activity between nights 2 and 7.
13M.3.SL.TZ1.13 b: Outline the effect of exposure to birdsong on neuron activity.
13M.3.SL.TZ1.13 d: Evaluate the hypothesis that listening to other zebra finches is important to develop singing...
11M.3.HL.TZ1.5a: Define the term stimulus.
11M.3.SL.TZ1.14b: Draw a labelled diagram of a reflex arc for a pain withdrawal reflex.
11M.3.SL.TZ1.14c: Outline Pavlov’s experiments into conditioning in dogs.
11M.3.SL.TZ1.14a: Define the term reflex.
11M.3.SL.TZ2.14: Draw a labelled diagram of a reflex arc for a pain withdrawal reflex.
12M.3.HL.TZ1.2a: Distinguish between innate and learned behaviour.
12M.3.HL.TZ2.4b: Compare the data for arrival events with amplexus events.
12M.3.HL.TZ2.4d: The lunar cycle could affect the timing of breeding. Suggest, with a reason, one other...
12M.3.HL.TZ2.4c: Deduce the relationship between arrival events and amplexus events in moon phases D to F.
12M.3.HL.TZ2.4a: Identify which reproductive event is least influenced by the lunar cycle.
12M.3.SL.TZ1.14a: Define the term reflex in animal behaviour.
12M.3.SL.TZ1.14b: Outline the main roles of motor, sensory and relay neurons in a spinal reflex arc.
12M.3.SL.TZ2.15: Outline the development of birdsong in young birds.
10M.3.HL.TZ1.4b: Compare the results observed when the feeders were located at 5 m with the feeders at 60 m.
10M.3.HL.TZ1.4c: Suggest one possible source of uncertainties or errors in these experiments.
10M.3.HL.TZ1.4a: Outline the relationship between the downwind approach distance and the nest-feeder distance.
10M.3.HL.TZ1.4d: Deduce, with a reason, what type of behaviour pattern is shown by the ants in the experiment.
10M.3.SL.TZ1.18a : Define reflex.
10M.3.SL.TZ1.18b (i): Label the parts indicated by the letters I–IV. I....
10M.3.SL.TZ1.18b (ii): Explain the role of parts I and II in a pain withdrawal reflex.
10M.3.SL.TZ1.19b: Outline the role of inheritance and learning in the development of birdsong in young birds.
10M.3.SL.TZ2.15a: Distinguish, using examples, between innate behaviour and learned behaviour.
10M.3.SL.TZ2.15b: Using two examples, discuss how the process of learning can improve survival.
11N.3.SL.TZ0.13a: The diagram below shows a reflex arc. Label I and II. I....
11N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: Distinguish between innate and learned behaviour.
11N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Outline the role of inheritance and learning in the development of birdsong in young birds.
12N.3.HL.TZ0.5b (i): Label cells X and Y. X: ............................................................. Y: ...
12N.3.HL.TZ0.4a : Identify which peptide shows the greatest difference between pollen foragers and nectar foragers...
12N.3.HL.TZ0.4b: Distinguish between the difference in abundance of peptides in nectar and pollen foragers...
12N.3.HL.TZ0.4c: Evaluate the hypothesis that honeybees have an instinct to forage for either nectar or pollen,...
12N.3.HL.TZ0.4d: Discuss how this type of foraging behaviour could optimize food intake.
12N.3.HL.TZ0.5b (ii): Outline the direction of nerve impulses through the cells labelled X and Y.
12N.3.HL.TZ0.5b (iii): Define the term reflex.
12N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: Distinguish between innate behaviour and learned behaviour.
12N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Outline Pavlov’s experiments into conditioning of dogs.
10N.3.SL.TZ0.15a: Outline Pavlov’s experiments into the conditioning of dogs.
10N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: Label the parts of the reflex arc shown below.
09N.3.HL.TZ0.5a: Explain the role of the neurons used in the pain withdrawal reflex.
10N.3.HL.TZ0.4f: Define the term innate behaviour.

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DP Biology Questionbank

A.4 Innate and learned behaviour

Description

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