Distinguish between innate behaviour and learned behaviour.

Outline Pavlov’s experiments into conditioning of dogs.

innate behaviour develops independently of the environmental context, whereas
learned behaviour develops as a result of experience
To award [1], answers need to address both innate and learned behaviour.
Do not accept “instinct” as a description of innate behaviour.

conditioned stimulus of sound/ringing bell / other stimulus used by Pavlov;
replaces unconditioned stimulus of sight/smell of food;
both result in conditioned response/production of saliva;

The question in part (a) has occurred frequently and it seems that many were able to distinguish between innate and learned behavior.

There were some very good outlines of Pavlov’s experiments in (b) into conditioning in dogs. Many candidates were able to gain 2 marks, showing a good understanding of Pavlov’s experiment.