Define the term market segment.

Construct a Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix for HP, identifying the correct segments for HP’s standard rooms and its HP+ upgraded rooms if Option 2 is chosen.

Explain one advantage and one disadvantage for HP of using secondary market research.

Discuss whether HP should choose Option 1 or Option 2.

A market segment is a sub-group or portion of a whole market who share similar characteristics.

For 2 marks candidates need to demonstrate that: 

• a market segment is a part / portion of a whole market
• consumers in this segment share common characteristics.

Award [1] for a definition that shows some understanding of a market segment.

N.B. If a candidate writes a response similar to the following, award [1]: A market segment is a group of people who share one or more common characteristics.

Award [1] for a diagram that has either the correct axis labels OR the 4 correct segments labelled [1].

Award [2] for a diagram that is fully, correctly labelled [2].

Award [1] for either stating that HP rooms are a STAR or by placing this in the STAR segment the diagram drawn.

Award [1] for either stating that HP + rooms are a ? or a Problem Child or by placing this in the ? / Problem child segment in the diagram drawn.

Application Advantage

• Get detailed stats on rival budget hotel chains.
• 80 % of budget hotel guests are price sensitive.

Application Disadvantage

• Some of data is not relevant e.g. data about 5-star hotels.
• Hotel market is rapidly growing so may be out of date very quickly.

Award [1] for identifying an advantage to HP from its use of secondary market research.

Award [1] for identifying a disadvantage to HP from its use of secondary market research.

In order to access the 3rd and 4th marks both answers must make use of the stimulus / be contextualised.

Mark as [2+2].

Refer to Paper 2 markbands for 2016 forward, available under the "Your tests" tab > supplemental materials.

There is no “correct answer”.
Option 1

Pros
This is very simple to implement and can be done very quickly. There will be additional costs as this price change will need to be heavily advertised to create customer awareness. Above and below the line advertising can be used.
Advertisements on TV, in the press and on social media will need to be used but HP can also use its database of customers to send then direct mail. As most budget hotel customers are price sensitive then this is likely to increase demand It is likely that they will be able to raise occupancy rates above the 65 % rate and this can be achieved quickly.

Cons
How successful this option depends on how its main rival reacts. Kampfort may react by matching the price cuts that HP makes – if this happens then occupancy rates may only rise minimally – the price cuts may grow the market slightly. It could also lead to a price war – Kampfort Inns may even cut its prices below those of HP in which case HP occupancy rates may fall. However, it may have some impact on its profitability – occupancy rates must rise by more than 10 % if sales revenue is not to fall.

Option 2

Pros
The upgraded rooms are more likely to appeal to business guests and they account for 15 % of its target market. Secondary market research data shows that 20 % of budget hotel customers are not price sensitive and therefore the upgraded rooms may appeal to this market segment.

The upgraded rooms bring in more revenue per room per night as they are $20 per night more expensive than standard rooms – if they hit the target of 80 % occupancy then revenue per night would increase (80 × $20 × 600) = $960 000 per night.
The change differentiates HP from a major rival. This may allow HP to raise its status as it now offers a better “product” at all of its hotels compared to the offer of its rival.

Cons
This will have higher initial costs. Each upgraded room costs $1500, that is $150 000 per hotel. It has 600 hotels so the total cost would be $90 million. This is likely to be far greater than the promotion costs of option A.
There will also be lost revenue at each hotel whilst the 100 rooms are upgraded. This will impact both profits and occupancy rates. Occupancy rates will fall initially and as it will take 2 years for all the upgrades to be undertaken.

There is also the danger of brand cannibalisation – HP may find that occupancy rates stay the same, with more customers staying in the HP+ rooms rather than standard rooms – they would not achieve their target of 80 % occupancy rates BUT sales revenue would increase.

It is expected that candidates provide a conclusion with a substantiated judgment.

Marks should be allocated according to the paper 2 markbands for May 2016 forward.

If a candidate evaluates / addresses only one option, award a maximum of [5].

A balanced response is one that provides at least one argument for and one argument against each option.

Candidates may contrast one option with another for a balance as long as at least two arguments are given for each option.

Award a maximum of [6] if the answer is of a standard that shows balanced analysis and understanding throughout the response with reference to the stimulus material but there is no judgment/conclusion.

Candidates cannot reach the [7–8] markband if they give judgment/conclusions that are not based on analysis/explanation already given in the answer.

Many candidates were successful (2 marks) on this question. Sometimes, however, candidates defined target market.

Many candidates earned full marks on this question.

As noted above, many candidates did not effectively apply their response to the stimulus.

Responses to 1(d) were generally quite effective. Many students have been properly trained about how to answer this type of question, which is to write about both options and have at least one advantage and one disadvantage for each option.