DP Biology Questionbank

Description

Nature of science:
Scientists have a role in informing the public—scientific research has led to a change in public perception of smoking.(5.1)

Understandings:

• Oxygen dissociation curves show the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
• Carbon dioxide is carried in solution and bound to hemoglobin in the blood.
• Carbon dioxide is transformed in red blood cells into hydrogencarbonate ions.
• The Bohr shift explains the increased release of oxygen by hemoglobin in respiring tissues.
• Chemoreceptors are sensitive to changes in blood pH.
• The rate of ventilation is controlled by the respiratory control centre in the medulla oblongata.
• During exercise the rate of ventilation changes in response to the amount of CO₂in the blood.
• Fetal hemoglobin is different from adult hemoglobin allowing the transfer of oxygen in the placenta onto the fetal hemoglobin.

Applications and skills:

• Application: Consequences of high altitude for gas exchange.
• Application: pH of blood is regulated to stay within the narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45.
• Application: Causes and treatments of emphysema.
• Skill: Analysis of dissociation curves for hemoglobin and myoglobin.
• Skill: Identification of pneumocytes, capillary endothelium cells and blood cells in light micrographs and electron micrographs of lung tissue.

Utilization:

• Training camps for athletes are frequently located at high altitude to increase the hemoglobin content of the blood. This puts the athlete at an advantage when they return to lower ground for competition.

Syllabus and cross-curricular links:
Biology
Topic 6.4 Gas exchange
Physics
Topic 3.2 Modelling a gas

Aims:

• Aim 8: Some sports, such as high-altitude mountain climbing or scuba diving, may push the limits of the human body beyond endurance and cause damage. Should they be controlled or banned?

Directly related questions

• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.10: The graph shows the effect of increasing the substrate concentration on the rate of an...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.21a.i: Outline the main changes in the lungs that occur in patients with emphysema.
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.21b.ii: Explain how the increase in CO2 concentration affects the release of oxygen to respiring cells.
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.21a.ii: State a treatment for emphysema.
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.21b.i: An increase in metabolic activity results in greater release of CO2 into the blood. On the graph,...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ2.19b.iv: Sometimes hyperkalemia occurs as a body tries to respond to low blood pH. State the normal range...
• 17M.3.HL.TZ2.19b.v:

  Explain how low blood pH causes hyperventilation (rapid breathing).

• 20N.3.HL.TZ0.23a:

  Using the graph, explain the Bohr shift.

• 20N.3.HL.TZ0.23c: State the effect of carbon dioxide in blood on the rate of ventilation.
• 20N.3.HL.TZ0.23b:

  State two modes of transport of carbon dioxide in blood. 

  1.

  2. 

• 20N.3.HL.TZ0.23d:

  Describe what happens to the hemoglobin from old or damaged red blood cells that are broken down.

• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.23:

  Discuss high altitude training for athletes.

• 22M.1.HL.TZ1.40: What is the role of HCG in early pregnancy? A. It prevents the degeneration of the corpus luteum...
• 18M.3.HL.TZ2.21a: From the diagram, deduce the effect of the disease polycythemia on the proportion of erythrocytes...
• 18M.3.HL.TZ2.21c: Suggest how changes in hemoglobin could help humans become better adapted to living at high...
• 18M.3.HL.TZ1.22:

  Explain how an increase in cell respiration in a tissue causes increased release of oxygen by hemoglobin in the tissue.

• 18M.3.HL.TZ2.21b: Suggest how high altitude could lead to polycythemia.
• 19M.3.HL.TZ1.24b:

  Explain, with the aid of an annotated diagram, how physical exercise affects the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. 

• 19M.3.HL.TZ1.24a:

  The electron micrograph shows a section through an alveolus showing blood in a capillary.

  

  [Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

   

  Identify the cells found at X and Y.

  X: 

  Y:

   

• 19M.3.HL.TZ2.23:

  Discuss the significance of the oxygen dissociation curves for adult hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin.

• 19N.3.HL.TZ0.23: Explain how ventilation rate is changed during vigorous physical exercise.
• 19N.2.HL.TZ0.1h: Using all the data, discuss whether inoculating mice with the antigen to B. burgdorferi could be...