State why a professional cyclist would eat pasta before a race.

(i)     Fructose, a monosaccharide, is found in honey. Draw the straight-chain structure of fructose.

(ii)     Draw the five-membered ring structure of \(\beta \)-fructose.

(source of) energy;

(i)      ;

Accept any six-carbon linear structure in which the second carbon is a carbonyl and there is one OH on all other carbons.

(ii)      ;

Correct orientation of groups is required.

Allow Haworth projection, ie,

Almost all candidates related pasta to energy.

(i)     Only a few candidates were able to draw the straight-chain structure of fructose. 

(ii)     About a quarter of the candidates were able to draw the five-membered ring structure of \(\beta \)-fructose. Many candidates had the orientation that suggested they drew the structure by referring to the structure of sucrose in the Data Booklet. A common mistake was missing the –OH at the position of the glycosidic link in sucrose.