Discuss the use of one research method to investigate individuals and groups.

Refer to the paper 1 section B assessment criteria when awarding marks. These can be found under the “Your tests” tab > supplemental materials.

The command term “discuss” requires candidates to offer a considered review of one particular research method linked to the study of individuals and groups.

Research methods may include, but are not limited to, experiments (laboratory, field or natural/quasi), observations and interviews. The focus of the response should be on the nature of the research method itself.

The discussion should centre around social and not cultural aspects of behaviour.

Examples of research studies may include, but are not limited to:

• Asch’s (1951) experiment on conformity
• Zimbardo’s (1973) observation of conformity to social roles
• Tajfel’s (1971) experiment on minimal group paradigm
• Sherif’s (1954) “Robbers Cave” field experiment investigating the realistic conflict theory
• Howarth’s (2002) focus-group interviews investigating social identity based on group belonging.

Discussion may include, but is not limited to:

• an evaluation of the type of data received (qualitative versus quantitative)
• the appropriateness of the method for the aim
• issues of validity and reliability
• the importance of replication
• cause and effect versus correlation
• reductionist vs holistic approach to understanding behaviour
• the importance of internal versus ecological validity

Examples of experiments (laboratory, field or quasi/natural) should be considered as only one method.

If a candidate discusses more than one research method, credit should be given only to the first discussion. Candidates may address other research methods and be awarded marks for these as long as they are clearly used to discuss the main research method addressed in the response.