Outline the influence of culture on behaviour and/or cognition with reference to one relevant study.

Refer to the paper 1 section A markbands when awarding marks. These can be found under the “Your tests” tab > supplemental materials.

The command term “outline” requires candidates to give a brief account or summary of the influence of culture on behaviour and/or cognition with reference to one relevant study.

Appropriate topics may include, but are not limited to:

• conformity (Berry, 1967)
• attachment (Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg, 1988)
• aggression in honour cultures (Cohen, 1996)
• abnormal behaviour (Lin and Kleinman, 1988)
• addictive behaviour (Raylu and Oei, 2004)
• memory encoding and recall strategies (Cole and Scribner, 1974)

If a candidate refers to more than one study, credit should be given only to the first study.

If a candidate outlines the influence of culture on behaviour and/or cognition without making reference to a study, up to a maximum of [5] should be awarded.

If a candidate only describes an appropriate study without outlining the influence of culture on behaviour and/or cognition, up to a maximum of [4] should be awarded.

Candidates used relevant studies to illustrate the role of culture in cognition/ behaviour. Berry et al. was, by far, the most used study in responses to this question.

However, many candidates failed to link culture with a specific cognition/behaviour, providing long and often irrelevant cultural definitions. These responses obtained mid-band marks since an understanding of the role of culture in behaviour/cognition was relevant but limited.