Describe one study investigating enculturation.

Refer to the paper 1 section A markbands when awarding marks. These can be found under the “Your tests” tab > supplemental materials.

The command term “describe” requires candidates to give a detailed account of one study investigating enculturation.

Candidate responses should include information related to the aim, procedure, findings and conclusion(s) of the study. Information relevant to a description includes, but is not limited to:

• the aim of the study linked to enculturation
• a description of the research method used
• description of the design and identification of the IV and DV of an experiment.
• use of terminology to classify an observation (e.g. covert, participant, naturalistic) or an interview (structured, semi-structured, focus group)
• description of the use of triangulation in a case study
• identification of the sample that was used; however, precise sample sizes are not required
• controls used by the researcher
• materials used in the study
• the conclusions drawn from the findings with regard to enculturation. Candidates do not need to state the statistical results.

Relevant studies may include, but are not limited to:

• Fagot et al. (1974) and Sroufe et al. (1993) on enculturation of gender roles
• Odden and Rochat (2004) on enculturation of fishing, household chores and the hierarchical system in Samoa
• Greenfield (2006) on enculturation of weaving techniques
• Demorest et al (2008)—the influence of enculturation on musical memory
• Kim and Omizo (2006)—enculturation, acculturation and identity
• Keller et al (2008) Verbal interaction of German and Cameroonian mothers with their infants.

If a candidate addresses enculturation but does not describe a relevant study, award up to a maximum of [4].

If a candidate describes more than one study, credit should be given only to the first study.

HL:

Although the focus of this question was on the description of a study, candidates often included a detailed explanation of the process of enculturation that was not a requirement for this question.

Descriptions of research often lacked detail about the procedure. Stronger responses demonstrated a good understanding of the methodology used and strategies employed by the researchers to increase the validity of the research.

Some candidates described research on cultural dimensions but failed to make any clear link to the question of enculturation.

SL:

The question was generally answered well, with an impressive variety of relevant studies. Many candidates used Fagot et al.'s (1974) research into gender roles or Odden and Rochat's (2004) study into hierarchal systems in Samoa.

However, a large proportion of responses confused the concept of acculturation with enculturation, most then went on to describe an irrelevant study into acculturation, these responses scored zero marks.