| Date | May 2022 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 22M.2.hl.TZ2.5 |
| Level | HL | Paper | 2 | Time zone | TZ2 |
| Command term | Explain | Question number | 5 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Iron(II) disulfide, FeS2, has been mistaken for gold.
State the full electronic configuration of Fe2+.
Explain why there is a large increase from the 8th to the 9th ionization energy of iron.
Calculate the oxidation state of sulfur in iron(II) disulfide, FeS2.
Describe the bonding in iron, Fe (s).
Markscheme
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 ✔
Any two of:
IE9: electron in lower energy level
OR
IE9: more stable/full electron level ✔
IE9: electron closer to nucleus
OR
IE9: electron more tightly held by nucleus ✔
IE9: less shielding by «complete» inner levels ✔
–1 ✔
Accept “– I”.
electrostatic attraction/hold between «lattice of» positive ions/cations AND delocalized «valence» electrons ✔
Examiners report
Mostly well done which was a pleasant surprise since this is not overly easy, predictably some gave [Ar] 4s2 3d4.
Despite some confusion regarding which sub-level the electrons were being removed from, many candidates were able to make at least one valid point, commonly in terms of lower energy/ full sub level/closer to nucleus.
This was an easy question, yet 30% of the candidates were unable to work it out; some wrote the oxidation state in the conventionally incorrect format, 1- and lost the mark.
Most candidates knew the bonding in Fe is metallic but some did not “describe” it or missed the type of attraction, a minor mistake; others referred to nuclei or protons instead of cations/positive ions. In some cases, candidates referred too ionic bonding, probably still thinking of FeS2 (not reading the question well). Overall, only 30% answered satisfactorily.
Syllabus sections
-
17M.1.hl.TZ1.5:
Which statement explains one of the decreases in first ionization energy (I.E.) across period 3?
A. The nuclear charge of element Al is greater than element Mg.
B. The electron-electron repulsion is greater, for the electron with the opposite spin, in element S than in element P.
C. A new sub-level is being filled at element S.
D. The p orbital being filled in element Al is at a lower energy than the s orbital in element Mg.
-
22M.1.hl.TZ1.5:
The graph shows the first six ionization energies of an element.
[Ionization energies of the elements (data page) Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energies_of_the_
elements_(data_page) Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 (CC BY-SA
3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en.]
In which group is the element?A. 13
B. 14
C. 15
D. 16
- 18M.1.hl.TZ2.5: The graph shows the first ionization energies of some consecutive elements. Which...
- 18M.1.hl.TZ1.5: Which transition on the diagram corresponds to the ionization of hydrogen in the ground state?
-
18M.2.hl.TZ1.2e:
Sketch a graph of the first six ionization energies of calcium.
-
17M.2.hl.TZ1.2d.iv:
Explain why an aluminium-titanium alloy is harder than pure aluminium.
- 16N.1.hl.TZ0.6: A period 3 element, M, forms an oxide of the type M2O. Which represents the first four...
- 18N.1.hl.TZ0.5: The values for the first three successive ionization energies for two elements X and Z are...
- 18N.2.hl.TZ0.4c: Sketch a graph to show the relative values of the successive ionization energies of boron.
- 19M.1.hl.TZ1.5: Which element is represented by the first eight successive ionization energies on the...
-
19M.1.hl.TZ2.5:
Which of the following transitions in the hydrogen atom emits the least energy?
A. n = 2 to n = 1
B. n = 3 to n = 1
C. n = 4 to n = 2
D. n = 4 to n = 3
-
17N.1.hl.TZ0.6:
The graph represents the first ten ionisation energies (IE) of an element.
What is the element?
A. O
B. S
C. Ne
D. Cl
-
18M.2.hl.TZ2.3a.iii:
Hydrogen spectral data give the frequency of 3.28 × 1015 s−1 for its convergence limit.
Calculate the ionization energy, in J, for a single atom of hydrogen using sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.
-
16N.2.hl.TZ0.4d:
(i) Explain the convergence of lines in a hydrogen emission spectrum.
(ii) State what can be determined from the frequency of the convergence limit.
-
17M.2.hl.TZ2.4c:
The first six ionization energies, in kJ mol–1, of an element are given below.
Explain the large increase in ionization energy from IE3 to IE4.
-
19M.2.hl.TZ1.3a:
Plot the relative values of the first four ionization energies of sodium.
-
17M.2.hl.TZ1.2d.iii:
Sketch a graph of the first six successive ionization energies of vanadium on the axes provided.
-
19N.2.hl.TZ0.1e(ii):
Determine, showing your working, the wavelength, in m, of ultraviolet light absorbed by a single molecule in one of these steps. Use sections 1, 2 and 11 of the data booklet.
- 19N.1.hl.TZ0.5: Which shows the first ionization energies of successive elements across period 2, from left...
- 21M.1.hl.TZ1.6: The diagram shows the first ionisation energies of consecutive elements in the same period of...
- 21M.2.hl.TZ1.1c: Sketch the first eight successive ionisation energies of sulfur.
- 21M.1.hl.TZ2.5: The first eight successive ionization energies for an element are shown. In which group is...
-
19M.2.hl.TZ2.3c:
Explain why the first ionization energy of nitrogen is greater than both carbon and oxygen.
Nitrogen and carbon:
Nitrogen and oxygen:
- 20N.1.hl.TZ0.5: Which element is in group 13?
-
20N.2.hl.TZ0.6a:
The electron configuration of copper makes it a useful metal.
Determine the frequency of a photon that will cause the first ionization of copper. Use sections 1, 2 and 8 of the data booklet.
-
21M.2.hl.TZ2.2a(ii):
Explain why the first ionization energy of sulfur is lower than that of phosphorus.
- 22M.2.hl.TZ1.1e(iv): Suggest, giving a reason, whether magnesium or nitrogen would have the greater sixth...
-
21N.2.hl.TZ0.2b:
Sodium emits yellow light with a frequency of 5.09 × 1014 Hz when electrons transition from 3p to 3s orbitals.
Calculate the energy difference, in J, between these two orbitals using sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.
Darling, D, n.d. D lines (of sodium). [online] Available at <https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/D/D_lines.html> [Accessed 6 May 2020].
- 21N.1.hl.TZ0.5: Which statement explains why the second ionization energy of aluminium is higher than the...
