State the equation for the reaction of each substance with water.

Which 1.0 mol$$dm^–3 solution has the highest pH?

A.     Ammonium chloride

B.     Sulfuric acid

C.     Sodium chloride

D.     Ammonia

What is the strongest acid in the equation below?

H₃AsO₄ + H₂O $\rightleftharpoons$ H₂AsO₄⁻ + H₃O⁺      K_c = 4.5 × 10⁻⁴

A.  H₃AsO₄

B.  H₂O

C.  H₂AsO₄⁻

D.  H₃O⁺

20 cm³ of 1 mol dm⁻³ sulfuric acid was added dropwise to 20 cm³ of 1 mol dm⁻³ barium hydroxide producing a precipitate of barium sulfate.

H₂SO₄(aq) + Ba(OH)₂(aq) → 2H₂O (l) + BaSO₄(s)

Which graph represents a plot of conductivity against volume of acid added?

The dissociation of citric acid is an endothermic process. State the effect on the hydrogen ion concentration, [H⁺], and on the equilibrium constant, of increasing the temperature.

Predict, giving a reason, a difference between the reactions of the same concentrations of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with samples of calcium carbonate.

Predict, giving a reason, a difference between the reactions of the same concentrations of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with samples of calcium carbonate.

State a technique other than a pH titration that can be used to detect the equivalence point.

State the equation for the reaction of each substance with water.

What is the order of increasing pH for the following solutions of the same concentration?

A.   HCl (aq) < NH₃ (aq) < NaOH (aq) < CH₃COOH (aq)

B.   CH₃COOH (aq) < HCl (aq) < NH₃ (aq) < NaOH (aq)

C.   HCl (aq) < CH₃COOH (aq) < NH₃ (aq) < NaOH (aq)

D.   NaOH (aq) < NH₃ (aq) < CH₃COOH (aq) < HCl (aq)

Outline why ethanoic acid is classified as a weak acid.

Hydrazine reacts with water in a similar way to ammonia. Deduce an equation for the reaction of hydrazine with water.

Identify the other product formed.

Distinguish between a weak and strong acid.

Weak acid: 

Strong acid:

Identify the compound responsible for the acidity of gastric juice, and state whether it is a strong or weak acid.

The dissociation of citric acid is an endothermic process. State the effect on the hydrogen ion concentration, [H⁺], and on K_a, of increasing the temperature.

Outline, using an ionic equation, what is observed when magnesium powder is added to a solution of ammonium chloride.

Outline why ethanoic acid is classified as a weak acid.

State and explain the effect on the rate of reaction if ethanoic acid of the same concentration is used in place of hydrochloric acid.

Describe how large amounts of CO₂ could reduce the pH of the ocean using an equation to support your answer.

Distinguish between a weak and strong acid.

Weak acid: 

Strong acid: 

Saturated aqueous hydrogen sulfide has a concentration of 0.10 mol dm⁻³ and a pH of 4.0. Demonstrate whether it is a strong or weak acid.

Which of these acids has the weakest conjugate base?

A.  $\mathrm{HCl}$

B.  ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{COOH}$

C.  ${\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}$

D.  ${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{COOH}$

Oceans can act as a carbon sink, removing some CO₂(g) from the atmosphere.

CO₂(g) $\rightleftharpoons$ CO₂(aq)

Aqueous carbon dioxide, CO₂(aq), quickly reacts with ocean water in a new equilibrium reaction. Construct the equilibrium equation for this reaction including state symbols.