| Date | May 2017 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 17M.3.sl.TZ2.10 |
| Level | SL | Paper | 3 | Time zone | TZ2 |
| Command term | Deduce | Question number | 10 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Monosaccharides can combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Identify the functional groups which are present in only one structure of glucose.
Sucrose is a disaccharide formed from -glucose and β-fructose.
Deduce the structural formula of sucrose.
Starch is a constituent of many plastics. Suggest one reason for including starch in plastics.
Suggest one of the challenges scientists face when scaling up the synthesis of a new compound.
Markscheme
Only in straight chain form:
carbonyl
OR
aldehyde
Only in ring structure:
hemiacetal
Accept functional group abbreviations (eg, CHO etc.).
Accept “ether”.
[2 marks]
correct link between the two monosaccharides
Correct 1,4 beta link AND all bonds on the 2 carbons in the link required for mark.
Ignore any errors in the rest of the structure.
Penalize extra atoms on carbons in link.
[1 mark]
plastic «more» biodegradable/degrades into nontoxic products
OR
plastic can be produced using green technology/renewable resource
OR
reduces fossil fuel use/petrochemicals
OR
easily plasticized
OR
used to form thermoplasts
[1 mark]
minimize «negative» impact on environment
OR
minimize waste produced
OR
consider atom economy
OR
efficiency of synthetic process
OR
problems of side reactions/lower yields
OR
control temperature «inside large reactors»
OR
availability of starting/raw materials
OR
minimize energy costs
OR
value for money/cost effectiveness/cost of production
[1 mark]
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
-
18M.3.sl.TZ1.8a:
State the specific type of linkage formed between α-glucose fragments in both maltose and amylose.
-
16N.3.sl.TZ0.9b:
The structures of two molecules, X and Y, are shown below.
(i) Justify why both these molecules are carbohydrates.
(ii) Distinguish between these molecules in terms of their functional groups.
-
17M.3.sl.TZ2.10a:
Identify the functional groups which are present in only one structure of glucose.
- 19N.3.hl.TZ0.15c: Explain why maltose, C12H22O11, is soluble in water.
-
17M.3.sl.TZ1.12a.ii:
Using the partial structure given, complete the structural formula of the molecule formed from the condensation of two cyclic -glucose molecules.
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.8a: Name the type of link between the two monosaccharide residues.
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.8b: Outline how the two monomer structures, galactose and glucose, differ.
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17M.3.sl.TZ1.12a.i:
Deduce the straight chain structure of ribose from its ring structure drawn in section 34 of the data booklet.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.10b: Outline how the two monomer structures, galactose and glucose, differ.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.10a: Name the type of link between the two monosaccharide residues.
- 19N.3.sl.TZ0.10c: Explain why maltose, C12H22O11, is soluble in water.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ1.8a:
Draw the structure of the repeating unit of starch and state the type of linkage formed between these units.
Type of linkage:
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.12c:
Sketch the cyclic structures of the two monosaccharides which combine to form sucrose.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ1.7a:
Draw the structure of the repeating unit of starch and state the type of linkage formed between these units.
Type of linkage:
-
19M.3.sl.TZ2.8b:
Sketch the cyclic structures of the two monosaccharides which combine to form sucrose.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ2.8a:
State the name of the functional group forming part of the ring structure of each monosaccharide unit.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.12a:
State the name of the functional group forming part of the ring structure of each monosaccharide unit.
- 17N.3.sl.TZ0.9b: Draw the structure of galactose on the skeleton provided.
-
17M.3.sl.TZ1.11a:
List the building blocks of triglycerides and carbohydrates.
-
16N.3.sl.TZ0.9c:
Amylose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of repeating units of glucose.
(i) Draw the structure of the repeating unit of amylose. Use section 34 of the data booklet.
(ii) Amylose is a major component of starch. Corn starch can be used to make replacements for plastics derived from oil, especially for packaging. Discuss one potential advantage and one disadvantage of this use of starch.
-
17M.3.sl.TZ1.12b:
Constructing models that allow visualizations of the stereochemistry of carbohydrates is essential to understand their structural roles in cells.
Describe how Haworth projections help focus on the position of attached groups.
-
18M.3.sl.TZ2.6e:
Determine, to the correct number of significant figures, the energy produced by the respiration of 29.9 g of C5H10O5.
ΔHc (C5H10O5) = 205.9 kJ mol−1
-
19M.3.hl.TZ1.8c:
Calculate the energy released, in kJ g−1, when 3.49 g of starch are completely combusted in a calorimeter, increasing the temperature of 975 g of water from 21.0 °C to 36.0 °C. Use section 1 of the data booklet.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ1.7c:
Calculate the energy released, in kJ g−1, when 3.49 g of starch are completely combusted in a calorimeter, increasing the temperature of 975 g of water from 21.0 °C to 36.0 °C. Use section 1 of the data booklet.
-
18M.3.sl.TZ1.8b:
A person with diabetes suffering very low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) may be advised to consume glucose immediately and then eat a small amount of starchy food such as a sandwich. Explain this advice in terms of the properties of glucose and starch.
-
17M.3.sl.TZ1.11b.i:
The drain pipe of a kitchen sink can become clogged by fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, C18H32O2, but not by the trisaccharide, raffinose, C18H32O16, containing the same number of carbon atoms.
Explain why raffinose is far more water soluble than linoleic acid.
-
20N.3.hl.TZ0.8b(i):
The diverse functions of biological molecules depend on their structure and shape.
Deduce the straight chain structure of deoxyribose from its ring structure drawn in section 34 of the data booklet.
-
20N.3.sl.TZ0.7b(ii):
The diverse functions of biological molecules depend on their structure and shape.
Sucrose is a disaccharide formed in the reaction of glucose with fructose.
Identify the reaction type and the newly formed functional group that joins the monosaccharide units in the product.
-
20N.3.sl.TZ0.7b(i):
The diverse functions of biological molecules depend on their structure and shape.
Deduce the straight chain structure of deoxyribose from its ring structure drawn in section 34 of the data booklet.
