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Date	November 2020	Marks available	1	Reference code	20N.3.SL.TZ0.10
Level	Standard level	Paper	Paper 3	Time zone	TZ0 / no time zone
Command term	State	Question number	10	Adapted from	N/A

Question

Aequorea victoria is a jellyfish that produces green fluorescent protein (GFP) which glows in blue light. The gene for GFP has been isolated and can be used as a marker gene. Plants with the gene incorporated glow when exposed to blue light.

[Source: [jellyfish image] Sierra Blakely, Attribution, via Wikimedia Commons.]

[leaves (middle image)] El-Shemy HA, Khalafalla MM, Ishimoto M. The role of green fluorescent protein (GFP)
in transgenic plants to reduce gene silencing phenomena. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2009;11 Suppl 1:i21–28.
Epub 2009 Feb 2. PMID: 19193961.

[seedlings (right image)] Clark, David & Kim, Joo Young & Cho, Keun Ho & Colquhoun, Thomas. (2019). Strong
Fluorescence Expression of ZsGreen1 in Petunia Flowers by Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated Transformation.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. American Society for Horticultural Science. 144. 405–413.
10.21273/JASHS04776-19. https://journals.ashs.org/jashs/view/journals/jashs/144/6/article-p405.xml.

State the function of a marker gene.

[1]

a.

Describe how genes are inserted into plants by electroporation.

[2]

b.

Describe how an open reading frame (ORF) can be identified.

[2]

c.

Markscheme

indicates successful uptake of recombinant DNA;

a.

a. an electrical field/potential is applied to cells;

b. increases the permeability of the cell membrane (to DNA);

b.

a. can be identified with bioinformatics software / example of software;

b. locate a sequence corresponding to a start codon/ATG (sense strand);

c. read this sequence until a stop codon/TGA/TAG /TAA is reached;

c.

Examiners report

[N/A]

a.

[N/A]

b.

[N/A]

c.

Syllabus sections

Option B: Biotechnology and bioinformatics » Option B: Biotechnology and bioinformatics (Core topics) » B.2 Biotechnology in agriculture

Show 81 related questions

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19M.3.SL.TZ2.9b.i:
In this method of producing transgenic plants, state the name of the vector.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.9c:
Outline the potential advantages of genetically modified plants.
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.9d:
Explain, using an example, how gene transfer to a plant could help increase crop yield.
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18N.3.SL.TZ0.10b: State the chemical difference between the 5' end and the 3' end of a DNA strand.
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.9c:
Another method of plant transformation can be used to produce the hepatitis B vaccine. Outline the production of hepatitis B vaccine in tobacco plants.
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18N.3.SL.TZ0.10c: Within the base sequence shown in the diagram, the sequence for the stop codon UGA appears....
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.9b.ii:
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Outline the role of bioinformatics in the genetic modification of plants.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.13a:
Describe how the tobacco mosaic virus is used in the production of hepatitis B vaccine.
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16N.3.SL.TZ0.9b:
Marker genes are often inserted together with the new gene. State the function of the marker genes.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.11a:
A segment of DNA is shown. Determine a possible open reading frame (ORF) segment in the DNA segment by completing the table.
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.9b.iii:
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17N.3.SL.TZ0.09b:
Explain how the Hepatitis B vaccine is produced using TMV.
18M.3.HL.TZ1.10b:
Explain how the Bt and HT combined crop was produced.
19M.3.HL.TZ1.10:
The diagram shows a spherical array of phospholipid molecules enclosing a water droplet. Such structures can be used to introduce genes into plant protoplasts.

[Source: SuperManu, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liposome#/media/File:Liposome_scheme-en.svg]

Explain briefly how plant protoplasts are prepared and how vesicles can be used to introduce genes into them.
19M.3.SL.TZ2.9a:
Outline how the target gene is found using bioinformatics.
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20N.3.HL.TZ0.13d:
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Describe how an open reading frame (ORF) can be identified.
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18M.3.SL.TZ1.9a:
Transformed leaf discs containing recombinant DNA can be used to grow genetically modified crop plants. Discs taken from the new plant can be used to monitor successful uptake of the recombinant DNA.

State one other method by which recombinant DNA can be introduced into a plant.
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Compare and contrast the use of genetically modified corn in the USA in the years 2000 and 2015.
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Describe how genes are inserted into plants by electroporation.
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17N.3.HL.TZ0.09d:
Outline the possible environmental impact associated with the accidental release of transgenic trout.
17N.3.HL.TZ0.09a:
Analyse the data for the growth of nontransgenic trout and transgenic trout.
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Option B: Biotechnology and bioinformatics » Option B: Biotechnology and bioinformatics (Core topics)

Option B: Biotechnology and bioinformatics