Distinguish between essential and non-essential amino acids.

Using the data from the tables, suggest a reason for the differences in lysine concentration in the diets from the UK and India.

Explain the consequences of protein deficiency malnutrition.

List two dietary sources of vitamin D.

State one possible cause and one symptom of type II diabetes.

Cause:

Symptom:

Distinctive elements from the same line required to gain the mark.

Indian diet based on rice and wheat which have low levels of lysine
OR
low levels of meat/milk in Indian diet
OR
high levels of meat/milk in UK diet ✔

a. protein/muscle lost for energy ✔

b. lack of blood plasma proteins ✔

c. leading to tissue fluid retention/edema/swollen abdomen/kwashiorkor ✔

d. lethargic/little interest in surroundings ✔

e. thin muscles/flaky appearance of skin/sparse hair with lack of pigmentation ✔

f. physical/mental development retarded ✔

g. lack of menstrual cycle ✔

cod/fish liver oil
OR
oily fish «accept correctly named example» Check examples on the Internet if necessary.
OR
egg yolk
OR
«fortified/enriched» dairy product ✔ i.e. milk/cheese/yoghurt.

Allow any two sources for the mark. Mark only the first two.
Do not accept sunlight, as source has to be dietary, nor dietary supplements.
Reject fish alone.

Both one cause from left column and one symptom from right column required for the mark.
For the cause, do not accept risk factors, e.g. high sugar intake/obesity, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition, etc.

Other valid symptoms could be: slow-healing sores, dizziness, tiredness, red/swollen gums, kidney/back pain, nerve damage, erectile dysfunction.