Evaluate the reasons for the entry of the Ottoman Empire into the First World War.

The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the reasons why the Ottomans entered the First World War. Candidates may refer to the impact of Turkish nationalism, noting that the Turkish government was, in 1914, under the control of the Young Turks (CUP), who were determined to increase Turkish power and recover Turkish territory and prestige. Candidates may also note the hostility that was felt towards Russia following the Ottoman Empire’s defeat in the Balkan wars earlier in the decade, as well as lingering suspicion about Russian intentions in the Black Sea. The role of the burgeoning Germano-Turkish relationship may also be evaluated, with candidates perhaps noting that Germany had for some time been providing extensive military and economic support to the Ottomans in an attempt to counter the influence of the Entente powers. In the short term, events such as Britain’s seizure of two new Turkish warships, as well as the signing of an alliance between Germany and Turkey (both of which occurred in the summer of 1914) may have sealed the Ottomans’ decision.