State Fermat’s little theorem.

if p is a prime (and $a \equiv 0(\bmod p)$ with $a \in \mathbb{Z}$) then     A1

${a^{p - 1}} \equiv 1(\bmod p)$     A1

[2 marks] 

Note: Accept ${a^p} \equiv a(\bmod p)$ .

Fermat’s little theorem was reasonably well known. Some candidates forgot to mention that p was a prime. Not all candidates took the hint to use this in the next part.