DP Physics Questionbank

Description

Nature of science:
Common reasoning process: From the time of Pythagoras onwards the connections between the formation of standing waves on strings and in pipes have been modelled mathematically and linked to the observations of the oscillating systems. In the case of sound in air and light, the system can be visualized in order to recognize the underlying processes occurring in the standing waves. (1.6)

Understandings:

• The nature of standing waves
• Boundary conditions
• Nodes and antinodes

Applications and skills:

• Describing the nature and formation of standing waves in terms of superposition
• Distinguishing between standing and travelling waves
• Observing, sketching and interpreting standing wave patterns in strings and pipes
• Solving problems involving the frequency of a harmonic, length of the standing wave and the speed of the wave

Guidance:

• Students will be expected to consider the formation of standing waves from the superposition of no more than two waves
• Boundary conditions for strings are: two fixed boundaries; fixed and free boundary; two free boundaries

• Boundary conditions for pipes are: two closed boundaries; closed and open boundary; two open boundaries
• For standing waves in air, explanations will not be required in terms of pressure nodes and pressure antinodes
• The lowest frequency mode of a standing wave is known as the first harmonic
• The terms fundamental and overtone will not be used in examination questions

International-mindedness:

• The art of music, which has its scientific basis in these ideas, is universal to all cultures, past and present. Many musical instruments rely heavily on the generation and manipulation of standing waves

Theory of knowledge:

• There are close links between standing waves in strings and Schrodinger’s theory for the probability amplitude of electrons in the atom. Application to superstring theory requires standing wave patterns in 11 dimensions. What is the role of reason and imagination in enabling scientists to visualize scenarios that are beyond our physical capabilities?

Utilization:

• Students studying music should be encouraged to bring their own experiences of this art form to the physics classroom

Aims:

• Aim 3: students are able to both physically observe and qualitatively measure the locations of nodes and antinodes, following the investigative techniques of early scientists and musicians
• Aim 6: experiments could include (but are not limited to): observation of standing wave patterns in physical objects (eg slinky springs); prediction of harmonic locations in an air tube in water; determining the frequency of tuning forks; observing or measuring vibrating violin/guitar strings
• Aim 8: the international dimension of the application of standing waves is important in music

Directly related questions

• 18M.2.SL.TZ2.3a.iv: The speed of sound is 340 m s–1 and the length of the pipe is 0.30 m. Calculate, in Hz, the...
• 18M.2.SL.TZ2.3a.iii: Label a position N that is a node of the standing wave.
• 18M.2.SL.TZ2.3a.ii: Draw an arrow on the diagram to represent the direction of motion of the molecule at X.
• 18M.2.SL.TZ2.3a.i: Outline how the standing wave is formed.
• 18M.1.HL.TZ2.13: A string stretched between two fixed points sounds its second harmonic at frequency f.          ...
• 18M.1.SL.TZ1.13: A first-harmonic standing wave is formed on a vertical string of length 3.0 m using a vibration...
• 17N.1.SL.TZ0.16: A pipe of fixed length is closed at one end. What...
• 17N.1.HL.TZ0.14: The diagram shows a second harmonic standing wave on a string fixed at both ends. What is the...
• 17M.2.HL.TZ2.4d: In another experiment the student replaces the light sensor with a sound sensor. The train...
• 17M.2.SL.TZ2.3c: In another experiment the student replaces the light sensor with a sound sensor. The train...
• 17M.1.HL.TZ1.15: Water is draining from a vertical tube that was initially full. A vibrating tuning fork is held...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ2.17: The frequency of the first harmonic standing wave in a pipe that is open at both ends is 200...
• 17M.1.SL.TZ1.15: Two pulses are travelling towards each other. What is a possible pulse shape when the pulses...
• 16M.3.HL.TZ0.7a: Outline what is meant by a black hole.
• 16M.2.HL.TZ0.4d: The travelling wave in (b) is directed at the open end of a tube of length 1.20 m. The other end...
• 16M.1.SL.TZ0.16: A pipe of length L...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ1.13: A standing (stationary) wave is set up on a stretched string. The diagram below shows the string...
• 15M.1.HL.TZ2.13: A standing sound wave is set up inside a narrow glass tube which has both ends open. The first...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.2a: State the name given to point X on the string.
• 15M.3.SL.TZ1.2b: (i) Calculate the speed of the wave along the string. (ii) Calculate the frequency of the...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.2b: The diagram shows an enlarged view of the tube shown in (a). X, Y and Z are three molecules of...
• 15M.3.SL.TZ2.2a: A thin tube is immersed in a container of water. A length L of the tube extends above the surface...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ1.17: The diagram shows the fundamental (first harmonic) of a standing (stationary) sound wave in a...
• 14M.1.HL.TZ2.16: The lowest frequency emitted by an organ pipe that is open at both ends is f. What is the lowest...
• 15N.1.HL.TZ0.13: A standing (stationary) wave is set up on a string at a particular frequency as shown. How...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.2a: On leaving the station, the train blows its horn. Both the first harmonic and the next highest...
• 14M.3.SL.TZ1.2b: (i) Describe what is meant by the Doppler effect. (ii) The train approaches a stationary...
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.2a.i: Show that there must be a node at a distance of 0.18 m from the closed end of the pipe.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.2a.ii: Calculate the frequency of the whistle sound.
• 15N.3.SL.TZ0.2b: The train is moving directly away from a stationary observer at a speed of...
• 14N.1.HL.TZ0.13: A string is made to vibrate at its third harmonic. The diagram shows two points P and Q at a...
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.2a: Outline whether the standing wave is transverse or longitudinal.
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.2b: The standing wave in the tube corresponds to the fourth harmonic. The speed of sound in the tube...
• 14N.3.SL.TZ0.2c: The tube is now closed at one end and the first harmonic is sounded. Outline why the tube that is...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.4c: The pipe is held stationary by the crane and an observer runs towards the pipe. Outline how the...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.4a: (i)     State the direction of oscillation of an air molecule at point P. (ii)     Compare the...
• 14M.2.HL.TZ2.4b: A hollow pipe open at both ends is suspended just above the ground on a construction...
• 11N.1.HL.TZ0.15: A standing wave is established on a string between two fixed points. What is the phase...
• 12N.1.HL.TZ0.16: P and Q are two points on a standing wave. R and S are two points on a progressive (travelling)...
• 13N.1.HL.TZ0.13: The diagrams show four different organ pipes drawn to scale. Standing waves in the fundamental...
• 13M.1.HL.TZ1.13: A standing wave of frequency ƒ is established in air in a pipe open at one end, as...
• 12M.1.HL.TZ1.12: A transverse standing wave is established on a string. Consider the following phase...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ2.15: A string...
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.3a: Describe the formation of standing waves in a string fixed at both ends.
• 13M.3.SL.TZ1.3b: The length of the string is 0.64 m. Calculate the velocity of the wave in the string.
• 13M.1.HL.TZ2.16: The air in a pipe, of length l and open at both ends, vibrates with a fundamental frequency f....
• 11M.2.HL.TZ2.13d: The string in (c) is fixed at both ends and...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.2a: A string is fixed at one end and the other free end is moved up and down. Explain how a standing...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ1.2b: The diagram shows a string vibrating in its first harmonic mode. Both endsof the string are...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.1b: The standing wave has wavelength λ and frequency f. State and explain, with respect to a standing...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.2b: A loudspeaker connected to a signal generator is placed in front of the open end of a...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ2.1a: For this standing wave (i) state the relationship between λ and L. (ii) label, on the diagram,...
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.2a: State one way in which a standing wave differs from a travelling (progressive) wave.
• 12M.3.SL.TZ2.2c: The frequency of sound is continuously increased above 92.0Hz. Calculate the frequency at which...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.2a: The diagram shows an organ pipe that is open at both ends. The pipe is emitting its lowest...
• 11N.3.SL.TZ0.2b: The length of the pipe in (a) is 1.5 m. An organ pipe that is closed at one end has the same...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.13: The fundamental (first harmonic) frequency for a particular organ pipe is 330 Hz. The pipe...
• 11M.1.HL.TZ1.14: Light is diffracted at a single slit. Which of the following graphs best represents how the...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.1a: Describe two ways that standing waves are different from travelling waves.
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.1c: The tube is raised until the loudness of the sound reaches a maximum for a second time. Between...
• 11M.3.SL.TZ1.1b: An experiment is carried out to measure the speed of sound in air, using the apparatus shown...
• 09M.1.HL.TZ1.16: The wavelength of a standing (stationary) wave is equal to A.     the distance between adjacent...
• 09N.1.HL.TZ0.18: Which of the following is a correct comparison between standing waves and travelling waves?
• 10N.1.HL.TZ0.15: A standing wave is established in air in a pipe with one closed and one open end. The air...
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.A3c: Use your answer to (b) to deduce an expression for the ratio \(\frac{{{f_1}}}{{{f_2}}}\).
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.A3a: State one way in which a standing wave differs from a travelling wave.
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.A3b: (i)     first harmonic frequency \({f_1}\). (ii)     second harmonic frequency \({f_2}\).
• 10N.3.SL.TZ0.A3d: State, in terms of the boundary conditions of the standing waves that can be formed in the pipe,...