Deduce the structural formula of compound X.

State the reagents and conditions required for stage II of the pathway.

Reagents:

Conditions:

 ;

Accept left hand end written as CH₂(OH)–.

Reagents: acidified/H\(^ + \) dichromate ion/\({\text{C}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}_7^{2 - }\)/potassium dichromate/\({{\text{K}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}}\)/sodium dichromate/\({\text{N}}{{\text{a}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}}\);

Accept acidified/H⁺ permanganate ion/MnO₄^–/potassium permanganate/KMnO₄.

Conditions: reflux;

Accept “heat” (as the intermediate aldehyde will not be volatile enough to vaporize significantly) unless distillation mentioned.

This was frequently well answered with many students gaining good marks. A common mistake was for students to identify the bond present in the polymer rather than the type of polymerization.

This was frequently well answered with many students gaining good marks. A common mistake was for students to identify the bond present in the polymer rather than the type of polymerization.