Date | May 2012 | Marks available | 3 | Reference code | 12M.3.SL.TZ1.13 |
Level | Standard level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | Time zone 1 |
Command term | Compare | Question number | 13 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Compare rod and cone cells.
Markscheme
rods and cones are both light-sensitive cells;
rods are far more numerous than cones;
rods are distributed evenly throughout the retina while cones are particularly concentrated at and around the fovea;
rod cells are all the same/black and white vision but there are three types of cone cells (absorb red, blue and green colour)/colour vision;
rod cells absorb all the visible wavelengths but each type of cone cell absorbs a different range;
rods are longer and thinner, cones have cone shape;
rod cells are principally used for dim light and night vision while cone cells require bright light / rods give poor visual acuity while cones give good visual acuity;
the pigment in rod cells is rhodopsin while in cone cells is iodopsin;
each individual cone cell is fed to a single (bipolar) neuron, whereas many rod cells synapse with a single (bipolar) neuron;
Examiners report
There were some very good answers to this question, the majority did give comparative statements, and gained three marks. A few weaker candidates got the connections between the cells and the bipolar neurons the wrong way round.