Date | November 2012 | Marks available | 6 | Reference code | 12N.3.HL.TZ0.6 |
Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | TZ0 |
Command term | Explain | Question number | 6 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Explain how the structures of the human ear allow for sound perception.
Markscheme
eardrum/tympanic membrane vibrates with sound (waves);
movements of eardrum/tympanic membrane amplified by bones of middle ear/stapes;
bones are malleus/hammer, incus/anvil, stapes/stirrup;
movement transmitted to oval window;
creates pressure waves in the liquid within cochlea;
waves travel up to/dissipate at round window;
hairs in cochlea vibrate according to movement (of liquid/waves);
different frequencies detected by different hair cells (on different parts of membrane);
movement of hairs cause action potential/depolarization/hyperpolarization of hair cells;
cause nerve impulses to be transmitted through auditory nerve;
Examiners report
The majority of candidates scored very well for this question, although some answers could have been clearer.