Outline Pavlov’s experiments into the conditioning of dogs.

Outline how sound stimuli are detected in the ear.

a. classical conditioning;

b. Pavlov sounded a bell before food / conditioned stimulus;

c. dogs salivated when they heard the bell / conditioned response;

d. the amount of salivation after the bell was as great as when the food alone was presented;

e. dogs had learnt to associate the two external stimuli;

a. sound waves reaching eardrum cause it to vibrate;

b. vibrations passed to bones of middle ear/oval window/fluid in cochlea;

c. detected by mechanoreceptors/hair cells (in cochlea of ear);

Almost everyone received at least two marks for the outline of Pavlov’s experiment and many received the full three marks.

Most received the full 2 marks for this section on hearing as well.