| Date | May 2018 | Marks available | 8 | Reference code | 18M.Paper 1.BP.TZ2.2 |
| Level | SL and HL | Paper | Paper 1 | Time zone | TZ2 |
| Command term | Describe | Question number | 2 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Cognitive level of analysis
Describe how one social or cultural factor affects one cognitive process.
Markscheme
Refer to the paper 1 section A markbands when awarding marks.
The command term “describe” requires candidates to give a detailed account of how one social or cultural factor affects one cognitive process.
As the concepts of social and cultural factors are arguably very much related, a distinction is not necessary in the response.
Cognitive processes may include but are not limited to:
• memory
• perception
• attention
• language
• decision-making.
Appropriate factors include, but are not limited to:
• the impact of culture on schemas and memory (Bartlett, 1932)
• the effect of poverty on attention, working memory and perception
• the effects of social identity on the formation of flashbulb memories
• the role of schooling in memory strategies (Cole and Scribner, 1974)
• the impact of environmental stimuli on perception (carpentered world hypothesis)
• the role of short-term and long-term orientation on decision-making (Chen, 2005).
Additional factors may include institutionalization, deprivation and stereotypes/stereotype threat.
If a candidate describes more than one social or cultural factor, credit should be given only to the first factor.
If a candidate addresses more than one cognitive process, credit should be given only to the first process.
If a candidate describes a social or cultural factor making no explicit link to a cognitive process, apply the markbands up to a maximum of [3].
