• Syllabus

A.2. Environmental factors and physical performance

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Sub sections and their related questions

A.2.1. Explain the relationship between cellular metabolism and the production of heat in the human body.

• 16N.3.SL.tz0.2b.ii: Explain the relationship between the body surface area-to-body mass ratio and heat preservation...

A.2.2. State the normal physiological range for core body temperature.

• 17M.3.SL.tz0.2a: State the normal physiological range for core body temperature.
• 19N.3.SL.tz0.3a: State the standard range for a healthy core body temperature.

A.2.3. Outline how the body thermoregulates in hot and cold environments.

• 16N.3.SL.tz0.2b.i: Describe how the body maintains core temperature when mountain walking in a cold environment.
• 17N.3.SL.tz0.2a:

  Outline how convection and evaporation transfer heat from the skin to the environment.

• 18N.3.HL:.tz0.3b.i: State one of the principal means by which the body maintains core temperature in cold environments.
• 19N.3.SL.tz0.3b: Identify an example of heat conduction in a sport.

A.2.4. Discuss the significance of humidity and wind in relation to body heat loss.

• 18N.3.SL.tz0.3b:

  Explain the impact of high humidity on performance during a 10-kilometre race.

A.2.5. Describe the formation of sweat and the sweat response.

• 18N.3.SL.tz0.3a: Describe the formation of sweat.

A.2.6. Discuss the physiological responses that occur during prolonged exercise in the heat.

• 17M.3.SL.tz0.1a: Identify the group and exercise intensity with the highest post-training sweat rate.
• 17M.3.SL.tz0.1b: Calculate the difference in sweat rate between the 80 % VO2max and the rest conditions for the...
• 17M.3.SL.tz0.1c: Compare sweat rate responses for the experimental and control groups.

A.2.7. Discuss the health risks associated with exercising in the heat..

• 17M.3.SL.tz0.2b: Explain the characteristics of heat stroke.

A.2.8. Outline what steps should be taken to prevent and to subsequently treat heat- related disorders.

• 16N.3.SL.tz0.2a: Describe two steps an athlete can take to prevent heat-related disorders in a marathon in a hot...

A.2.9. Describe how an athlete should acclimatize to heat stress.

• 20N.3.SL.tz0.3a: The Marathon des Sables is a 6-day, 250 km run across the Sahara Desert in temperatures reaching...

A.2.10. Discuss the physiological and metabolic adaptations that occur with heat acclimatization.

• 17M.3.SL.tz0.1d: Outline the physiological adaptations impacting the sweat mechanism that occur with heat...
• 17N.3.SL.tz0.2b: Explain the effects of three physiological adaptations that occur with heat acclimatization.
• 20N.3.SL.tz0.3b: Explain the physiological adaptations that occur during heat acclimatization.

A.2.11. Outline the principal means by which the body maintains core temperature in cold environments.

• 19M.3.SL.tz0.2a:

  Outline how the body maintains a stable core temperature when the external environment cools.

A.2.12. Explain why the body surface area to body mass ratio is important for heat preservation.

None

A.2.13. Outline the importance of wind chill in relation to body heat loss..

None

A.2.14. Explain why swimming in cold water represents a particular challenge to the body’s ability to thermoregulate.

• 19M.3.SL.tz0.2b:

  Explain why swimming in cold water is a challenge to the thermoregulation process.

A.2.15. Discuss the physiological responses to exercise in the cold.

None

A.2.16. Describe the health risks of exercising in the cold, including cold water.

None

A.2.17. Discuss the precautions that should be taken when exercising in the cold.

None