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1.1. The skeletal system

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Topic 1: Anatomy » 1.1. The skeletal system

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Directly related questions

20N.1.SL.tz0.2:
Which are functions of the axial skeleton?

I. To protect internal organs

II. To provide sites for attachment of muscle

III. To stabilize parts of appendicular skeleton

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
20N.1.SL.tz0.1:
Which are parts of the pectoral girdle?

A. Ribs and clavicle

B. Clavicle and scapula

C. Scapula and humerus

D. Humerus and ribs
20N.1.SL.tz0.3: Which feature of the synovial joint covers the ends of the bones? A. Synovial membrane B....
20N.2.HL:.tz0.3c: Using an example, define the anatomical term posterior.
20N.2.HL:.tz0.4a:
Outline the functions of the cranium and vertebral column during a contact sport such as boxing.
20N.2.SL.tz0.8d:
Outline five features of a synovial joint.
20N.2.HL:.tz0.3d: State the anatomical location of the iliopsoas.
21M.2.SL.tz0.6c: Describe the structural features of the hiker’s femurs.
21M.1.SL.tz0.1: What are the functions of the axial skeleton?
21M.1.HL:.tz0.1: Which bones of the vertebral column are fused? A. Thoracic, sacral B. Lumbar, coccyx C....
21M.1.SL.tz0.2: Which statement is correct about the insertion of a skeletal muscle? A. The attachment of a...
21N.1.SL.tz0.2: Which type of joint provides the greatest degree of movement? A. Fibrous B. Synovial C....
21N.1.SL.tz0.1:
What is the primary function of the skull and vertebral column?

A. Attachment

B. Movement

C. Support

D. Protection
21N.2.SL.tz0.2a:
The diagram shows a long bone.

[Source: OpenStax College – Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013.
Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.]

Label structures A and B in the diagram.

A:

B:
21N.2.SL.tz0.2b.i:
State the location of the femur in relation to the tibia using anatomical terminology.
21N.2.SL.tz0.2b.ii: State the location of the sternum in relation to the vertebral column using anatomical terminology.
21N.2.SL.tz0.2c: Outline three functions of cartilage.
22M.1.SL.tz0.2: The diagram shows a gymnast performing a handstand. What is the position of the tarsals in...
22M.1.SL.tz0.1: Which bones form part of the appendicular skeleton? A. Sternum, clavicle, coccyx B. Skull,...
22M.1.SL.tz0.3: What is the function of a ligament? A. To attach muscle to bone B. To attach bone to bone C....
22M.2.SL.tz0.2a: Identify the bone type of the scapula.
16N.2.SL.tz0.2b: State the type of synovial joint that is found at the distal end of the femur.
16M.1.SL.tz0.1:
What type of joint is the ankle?

A. Saddle joint

B. Pivot joint

C. Hinge joint

D. Gliding joint
16M.1.SL.tz0.2: Which of the following bones has the movement of the body as its main function? A. Fibula B....
16M.1.SL.tz0.3: What is the main function of the knee joint ligament? A. To secrete synovial fluid B. To absorb...
17M.1.SL.tz0.1: Which bones form part of the appendicular skeleton? A. Femur, radius, ribs, patella B. Coccyx,...
16M.2.SL.tz0.5a:
Using examples of specific bones, outline the function of the axial skeleton.
17M.1.SL.tz0.3: What type of joint is found where the radius and carpals articulate? A. Hinge B. Ball and...
17M.2.SL.tz0.5a:
Distinguish between fibrous and cartilaginous joints.
17M.1.SL.tz0.2: Which joint is formed at the proximal head of the femur? A. Shoulder B. Elbow C. Hip D. Knee
17M.2.SL.tz0.4a:
Outline two types of connective tissue of joints.
16N.1.SL.tz0.1: What type of bones are the phalanges? A. Flat bones B. Long bones C. Short bones D. Irregular...
17N.1.SL.tz0.2: Which is the most lateral in the anatomical position? A. Sternum B. Ulna C. Radius D. Skull
17N.2.SL.tz0.2a: Long bones are one type of bone found in the body. List two other types of bone. 1. 2.
17N.1.SL.tz0.1: Which are types of synovial joints? A. Condyloid, saddle, gliding B. Immovable, slightly...
17N.2.SL.tz0.2b: Outline the function of a ligament in a shoulder joint.
17N.2.SL.tz0.5a:
Using examples, outline the function of the axial and appendicular skeleton during physical activity.
18N.1.SL.tz0.2:
What structure is labelled X in the diagram below?

[Source: adapted from OpenStax, Anatomy & Physiology, 9.4 Synovial Joints, Figure 1, by Rice University,
Feb 26, 2016, https://cnx.org/contents/FPtK1zmh@12.7:bFtYymxt@7/Synovial-Joints. Licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.]

A. Articular capsule

B. Synovial fluid

C. Articular cartilage

D. Synovial membrane
18N.2.HL:.tz0.3b.i:
Identify the origin and insertion for the rectus femoris.

[Source: Copyright 2003-2004 University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. All rights reserved including all
photographs and images. No re-use, re-distribution or commercial use without prior written permission of the authors and
the University of Washington. Musculoskeletal images are from the University of Washington ‘Musculoskeletal Atlas:
A Musculoskeletal Atlas of the Human Body” by Carol Teitz, M.D. and Dan Graney, Ph.D.]

Origin:

Insertion:
18N.1.HL:.tz0.1:
Which are components of the axial skeleton?

A. Ribs, Clavicle, Ilium

B. Skull, Vertebrae, Sternum

C. Ribs, Clavicle, Sternum

D. Skull, Vertebrae, Ilium
18N.2.SL.tz0.2b: Describe the functions of ligaments and tendons in a joint such as the knee joint.
18N.1.HL:.tz0.2: What is the position of the scapula relative to the rib cage? A. Medial B. Inferior C....
18N.2.HL:.tz0.3b.ii: Describe the functions of ligaments and tendons in a joint such as the knee joint.
19M.1.SL.tz0.1:
Which are the four types of bones?

A. Short, periosteum, long, regular

B. Long, short, irregular, flat

C. Compact, irregular, flat, long

D. Flat, short, compact, regular
19M.2.HL:.tz0.3d.iii:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the patella relative to the tibia.
19M.2.SL.tz0.3f.iii:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the patella relative to the tibia.
19M.2.SL.tz0.3f.ii:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the fibula relative to the tibia.
19M.2.SL.tz0.3f.i:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the tibia relative to the femur.
19M.2.HL:.tz0.3d.i:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the tibia relative to the femur.
19M.2.HL:.tz0.3d.ii:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the fibula relative to the tibia.
19N.1.SL.tz0.3: Which types of muscles are only under involuntary control? I. Smooth muscle II. Cardiac...
19N.1.SL.tz0.2: Using anatomical terminology, what is the position of the sacral bones relative to the lumbar...
19N.2.SL.tz0.3a: Distinguish the movement permitted between a fibrous and a cartilaginous joint.
19N.2.HL:.tz0.7a.i: Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the cerebellum in relation to the cerebrum.
19N.2.SL.tz0.3b:
The articular capsule, meniscus and ligaments provide stability at the knee. Outline two other features of a synovial joint.
19N.1.SL.tz0.1:
The diagram below shows a long bone. What is the structure labelled X?

[Source: reprinted from The Lancet, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Vol. 2, no 5, M.G. Vervloet et al., Bone: a new endocrine
organ at the heart of chronic kidney disease and mineral and bone disorders, Pages 427–436, Copyright 2014,
with permission from Elsevier. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/home ]

A. Compact bone

B. Spongy bone

C. Diaphysis

D. Cartilage

Sub sections and their related questions

1.1.1. Distinguish anatomically between the axial and appendicular skeleton.

1.1.2. Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeleton in terms of function.

1.1.3. State the four types of bone.

1.1.4. Draw and annotate the structure of a long bone.

18N.1.SL.tz0.2:
What structure is labelled X in the diagram below?

[Source: adapted from OpenStax, Anatomy & Physiology, 9.4 Synovial Joints, Figure 1, by Rice University,
Feb 26, 2016, https://cnx.org/contents/FPtK1zmh@12.7:bFtYymxt@7/Synovial-Joints. Licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.]

A. Articular capsule

B. Synovial fluid

C. Articular cartilage

D. Synovial membrane
19N.1.SL.tz0.1:
The diagram below shows a long bone. What is the structure labelled X?

[Source: reprinted from The Lancet, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Vol. 2, no 5, M.G. Vervloet et al., Bone: a new endocrine
organ at the heart of chronic kidney disease and mineral and bone disorders, Pages 427–436, Copyright 2014,
with permission from Elsevier. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/home ]

A. Compact bone

B. Spongy bone

C. Diaphysis

D. Cartilage
21M.2.SL.tz0.6c: Describe the structural features of the hiker’s femurs.
21N.2.SL.tz0.2a:
The diagram shows a long bone.

[Source: OpenStax College – Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013.
Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.]

Label structures A and B in the diagram.

A:

B:

1.1.5. Apply anatomical terminology to the location of bones.

17M.1.SL.tz0.2: Which joint is formed at the proximal head of the femur? A. Shoulder B. Elbow C. Hip D. Knee
17N.1.SL.tz0.2: Which is the most lateral in the anatomical position? A. Sternum B. Ulna C. Radius D. Skull
19M.2.SL.tz0.3f.i:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the tibia relative to the femur.
19M.2.SL.tz0.3f.ii:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the fibula relative to the tibia.
19M.2.SL.tz0.3f.iii:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the patella relative to the tibia.
19M.2.HL:.tz0.3d.i:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the tibia relative to the femur.
19M.2.HL:.tz0.3d.ii:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the fibula relative to the tibia.
19M.2.HL:.tz0.3d.iii:
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the patella relative to the tibia.
18N.1.HL:.tz0.2: What is the position of the scapula relative to the rib cage? A. Medial B. Inferior C....
19N.1.SL.tz0.2: Using anatomical terminology, what is the position of the sacral bones relative to the lumbar...
19N.2.HL:.tz0.7a.i: Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the cerebellum in relation to the cerebrum.
20N.2.HL:.tz0.3c: Using an example, define the anatomical term posterior.
20N.2.HL:.tz0.3d: State the anatomical location of the iliopsoas.
21N.2.SL.tz0.2b.i:
State the location of the femur in relation to the tibia using anatomical terminology.
21N.2.SL.tz0.2b.ii: State the location of the sternum in relation to the vertebral column using anatomical terminology.
22M.1.SL.tz0.2: The diagram shows a gymnast performing a handstand. What is the position of the tarsals in...

1.1.6. Outline the functions of connective tissue.

16M.1.SL.tz0.3: What is the main function of the knee joint ligament? A. To secrete synovial fluid B. To absorb...
17M.2.SL.tz0.4a:
Outline two types of connective tissue of joints.
17N.2.SL.tz0.2b: Outline the function of a ligament in a shoulder joint.
18N.2.SL.tz0.2b: Describe the functions of ligaments and tendons in a joint such as the knee joint.
18N.2.HL:.tz0.3b.ii: Describe the functions of ligaments and tendons in a joint such as the knee joint.
21M.1.SL.tz0.2: Which statement is correct about the insertion of a skeletal muscle? A. The attachment of a...
21N.2.SL.tz0.2c: Outline three functions of cartilage.
22M.1.SL.tz0.3: What is the function of a ligament? A. To attach muscle to bone B. To attach bone to bone C....

1.1.7. Define the term joint.

None

1.1.8. Distinguish between the different types of joint in relation to movement permitted.

17M.2.SL.tz0.5a:
Distinguish between fibrous and cartilaginous joints.
17N.1.SL.tz0.1: Which are types of synovial joints? A. Condyloid, saddle, gliding B. Immovable, slightly...
19N.2.SL.tz0.3a: Distinguish the movement permitted between a fibrous and a cartilaginous joint.
21N.1.SL.tz0.2: Which type of joint provides the greatest degree of movement? A. Fibrous B. Synovial C....

1.1.9. Outline the features of a synovial joint.

19N.2.SL.tz0.3b:
The articular capsule, meniscus and ligaments provide stability at the knee. Outline two other features of a synovial joint.
20N.1.SL.tz0.3: Which feature of the synovial joint covers the ends of the bones? A. Synovial membrane B....
20N.2.SL.tz0.8d:
Outline five features of a synovial joint.

1.1.10. List the different types of synovial joint.

16M.1.SL.tz0.1:
What type of joint is the ankle?

A. Saddle joint

B. Pivot joint

C. Hinge joint

D. Gliding joint
17M.1.SL.tz0.3: What type of joint is found where the radius and carpals articulate? A. Hinge B. Ball and...
16N.2.SL.tz0.2b: State the type of synovial joint that is found at the distal end of the femur.