| Date | November 2018 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 18N.3.hl.TZ0.19 |
| Level | HL | Paper | 3 | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Outline | Question number | 19 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Viruses and bacteria both cause diseases and are frequently confused.
Outline two different ways in which antiviral medications work.
Markscheme
Any two of:
prevents virus attaching to host cell ✔
alters cell’s genetic material/DNA «so that virus cannot use it to multiply» ✔
blocks enzyme activity in the host cell «so that virus cannot use it to multiply» ✔
prevents removal of protein coat/capsid ✔
prevents injection of viral DNA/RNA into cell ✔
prevents release of «replicated» viruses from host cell ✔
Accept “prevents synthesis of virus by host cell”.
Accept “alters RNA/DNA/genetic material of virus”.
Do not accept just “mimics nucleotides”.
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 17N.3.sl.TZ0.19b: Explain how oseltamivir and zanamivir can stop the spread of the flu virus in the body.
- 16N.3.sl.TZ0.17a: Zanamivir must be taken by inhalation, not orally. Deduce what this suggests about the...
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.15b: Outline two different ways in which antiviral medications work.
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17M.3.sl.TZ1.21a:
Outline how oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) works.
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19M.3.sl.TZ1.17a(i):
Draw a circle around the functional group that can be converted to the carboxylate by hydrolysis.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.19a:
Identify the names of two functional groups present in zanamivir using section 37 of the data booklet.
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17N.3.sl.TZ0.19a:
State the names of two functional groups that both compounds contain, using section 37 of the data booklet.
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18M.3.sl.TZ1.15a:
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are used against flu viruses. Explain how these drugs function.
- 19N.3.hl.TZ0.25d: Discuss two difficulties, apart from socio-economic factors, associated with finding a cure...
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.17a:
Outline one way in which antiviral drugs work.
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19M.3.sl.TZ1.17b:
Anti-HIV drugs, such as zidovudine, often become less effective over time.
Explain the development of resistant virus strains in the presence of antiviral drugs.
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18N.3.sl.TZ0.15a:
State one way in which viruses differ from bacteria.
- 19N.3.sl.TZ0.18b: Discuss two difficulties, apart from socio-economic factors, associated with finding a cure...
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.22a(i):
Draw a circle around the functional group that can be converted to the carboxylate by hydrolysis.
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19M.3.hl.TZ2.24b:
Discuss two difficulties associated with solving the AIDS problem.
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18M.3.sl.TZ2.19b:
Distinguish between bacteria and viruses.
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16N.3.sl.TZ0.16b:
(i) Some antibiotic-resistant bacteria produce a beta-lactamase enzyme which destroys penicillin activity. Suggest how adding clavulanic acid to penicillin enables the antibiotic to retain its activity.
(ii) Populations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have increased significantly over the last 60 years. Outline why antibiotics such as penicillin should not be prescribed to people suffering from a viral infection.
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.22c:
Anti-HIV drugs, such as zidovudine, often become less effective over time.
Explain the development of resistant virus strains in the presence of antiviral drugs.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.24a:
Outline one way in which antiviral drugs work.
-
19N.3.sl.TZ0.18a:
State one difference between bacteria and viruses.
- 20N.3.sl.TZ0.14a(i): Name two functional groups that both zanamivir and oseltamivir contain.
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20N.3.sl.TZ0.14a(ii):
Explain how zanamivir works as a preventative agent against flu viruses.
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.17b:
Discuss two difficulties associated with solving the AIDS problem.
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20N.3.hl.TZ0.19a:
Explain how zanamivir works as a preventative agent against flu viruses.
