| Date | May 2018 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 18M.3.sl.TZ2.19 |
| Level | SL | Paper | 3 | Time zone | TZ2 |
| Command term | Distinguish | Question number | 19 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Antiviral medications such as zanamivir (Relenza) are commonly available for consumer use.
Identify the names of two functional groups present in zanamivir using section 37 of the data booklet.
Distinguish between bacteria and viruses.
Markscheme
Any two of:
hydroxyl
carboxyl/carbonyl
ether
amido/carbonyl
Accept “alcohol/hydroxy” for “hydroxyl”, “carboxylic acid” for “carboxyl” and “amide/carboxamide” for “amido”.
Accept “amino/amine” OR “imine/imino” but these are not correct as they are part of the guanidino group.
Accept “alkenyl/alkene/carbon to carbon double bond” but not “C=C” OR “carbon double bond”.
Accept “carbonyl” only once.
Accept “heterocyclic ring” for “ether”.
[2 marks]
Any two of:
bacteria perform living functions «on their own» AND viruses do not «without host cell»
bacteria have cell walls AND viruses do not
OR
bacteria do not have a capsid AND viruses do
bacteria larger than viruses
bacteria reproduce by fission/budding AND viruses reproduce within a living host cell
Accept examples of living functionsexcretion, reproduction etc for M1.
Accept “bacteria have flagella/cytoplasm/ribosome AND virus can have head/protein tail/double stranded RNA/single stranded DNA”.
Accept other specific structural differences for M2.
Accept “asexual reproduction for bacteria” for M4.
[2 marks]
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 17N.3.sl.TZ0.19b: Explain how oseltamivir and zanamivir can stop the spread of the flu virus in the body.
- 16N.3.sl.TZ0.17a: Zanamivir must be taken by inhalation, not orally. Deduce what this suggests about the...
- 18N.3.sl.TZ0.15b: Outline two different ways in which antiviral medications work.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.19: Outline two different ways in which antiviral medications work.
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17M.3.sl.TZ1.21a:
Outline how oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) works.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ1.17a(i):
Draw a circle around the functional group that can be converted to the carboxylate by hydrolysis.
-
18M.3.sl.TZ2.19a:
Identify the names of two functional groups present in zanamivir using section 37 of the data booklet.
-
17N.3.sl.TZ0.19a:
State the names of two functional groups that both compounds contain, using section 37 of the data booklet.
-
18M.3.sl.TZ1.15a:
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are used against flu viruses. Explain how these drugs function.
- 19N.3.hl.TZ0.25d: Discuss two difficulties, apart from socio-economic factors, associated with finding a cure...
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.17a:
Outline one way in which antiviral drugs work.
-
19M.3.sl.TZ1.17b:
Anti-HIV drugs, such as zidovudine, often become less effective over time.
Explain the development of resistant virus strains in the presence of antiviral drugs.
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18N.3.sl.TZ0.15a:
State one way in which viruses differ from bacteria.
- 19N.3.sl.TZ0.18b: Discuss two difficulties, apart from socio-economic factors, associated with finding a cure...
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.22a(i):
Draw a circle around the functional group that can be converted to the carboxylate by hydrolysis.
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19M.3.hl.TZ2.24b:
Discuss two difficulties associated with solving the AIDS problem.
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16N.3.sl.TZ0.16b:
(i) Some antibiotic-resistant bacteria produce a beta-lactamase enzyme which destroys penicillin activity. Suggest how adding clavulanic acid to penicillin enables the antibiotic to retain its activity.
(ii) Populations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have increased significantly over the last 60 years. Outline why antibiotics such as penicillin should not be prescribed to people suffering from a viral infection.
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.22c:
Anti-HIV drugs, such as zidovudine, often become less effective over time.
Explain the development of resistant virus strains in the presence of antiviral drugs.
-
19M.3.hl.TZ2.24a:
Outline one way in which antiviral drugs work.
-
19N.3.sl.TZ0.18a:
State one difference between bacteria and viruses.
- 20N.3.sl.TZ0.14a(i): Name two functional groups that both zanamivir and oseltamivir contain.
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20N.3.sl.TZ0.14a(ii):
Explain how zanamivir works as a preventative agent against flu viruses.
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19M.3.sl.TZ2.17b:
Discuss two difficulties associated with solving the AIDS problem.
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20N.3.hl.TZ0.19a:
Explain how zanamivir works as a preventative agent against flu viruses.
