Calculate the loss in mass, in kg, and the energy released, in J, when 0.00100 mol of ²²⁸Ac decays, each atom losing an electron. Use section 2 of the data booklet and E = mc².

²²⁸Ac → ${}_{-1}^0\text{e}$ + ²²⁸Th

Deduce a Lewis (electron dot) structure of the superoxide, O₂^–, free radical.

Determine the energy released, in J, by 0.00100 mol of ²²⁸Ac over the course of 18 hours.

Explain, based on molecular structure and bonding, why diffusion or centrifuging can be used for enrichment of UF₆ but not UO₂.

Outline how the energy of a fission reaction can be calculated.

The mass of X is 8.005305 amu and that of ${}_2^4\text{He}$ is 4.002603 amu. Determine the energy produced, in J, when one atom of ${}_6^{12}\text{C}$ is formed in this reaction. Use section 2 of the data booklet.

The daughter product, ⁸⁹Kr, has a half-life of 3.15 min.

Calculate the time required, in minutes, for its radioactivity to fall to 10% of its initial value, using section 1 of the data booklet.

Calculate the half-life of an isotope whose mass falls from 5.0 × 10⁻⁵ g to 4.0 × 10⁻⁵ g in 31.4 s, using section 1 of the data booklet.

Calculate the relative rate of effusion of ²³⁵UF₆(g) to ²³⁸UF₆(g) using sections 1 and 6 of the data booklet.

Calculate the energy released, in MeV, in this reaction, using section 36 of the data booklet.

Calculate the heat energy released, in J, by the fusion reaction producing one atom of carbon-12. Use section 2 of the data booklet and E = mc².

Determine the relative rate of effusion of methane ($M_{\mathrm{r}}=16.05$) to carbon dioxide ($M_{\mathrm{r}}=44.01$), under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. Use section 1 of the data booklet.

Determine the nuclear binding energy, in $\mathrm{J}$, of ${}_{238}\mathrm{U}$ using sections 2 and 4 of the data booklet.

The mass of the ${}_{238}\mathrm{U}$ nucleus is $238.050786 \mathrm{amu}$.

The masses of the particles involved in this fission reaction are shown below.

Mass of neutron = 1.00867 amu
Mass of U-235 nucleus = 234.99346 amu
Mass of Ba-144 nucleus = 143.89223 amu
Mass of Kr-89 nucleus = 88.89788 amu

Determine the energy released, in J, when one uranium-235 nucleus undergoes fission. Use this data and information from sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.