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Date November 2017 Marks available 2 Reference code 17N.3.hl.TZ0.18
Level HL Paper 3 Time zone TZ0
Command term Calculate Question number 18 Adapted from N/A

Question

In the 20th Century, both fission and fusion were considered as sources of energy but fusion was economically and technically unattainable.

Calculate the loss in mass, in kg, and the energy released, in J, when 0.00100 mol of 228Ac decays, each atom losing an electron. Use section 2 of the data booklet and E = mc2.

228Ac → 1 0 e + 228Th

[2]
c.i.

Determine the energy released, in J, by 0.00100 mol of 228Ac over the course of 18 hours.

[1]
c.ii.

Outline how nuclear ionising radiation can damage DNA and enzymes in living cells.

[1]
d.

Markscheme

Loss in mass:

«(3.78532 x 10–25 kg – 9.109383 x 10–31 kg – 3.78528 x 10–25 kg) x 0.00100 x 6.02 x 1023 =»1.86 x 10–9 «kg»

Energy released:

«E = mc2 = 1.86 x 10–9 kg x (3.00 x 108 m s–1)2 =» 1.67 x 108 «J»

c.i.

«1.67 x 108 J x  7 8 =» 1.46 x 108 «J»

c.ii.

production of radicals/•O2/•OH

OR

direct effect such as breaking bonds/atom migration

Ignore missing dots on radical species.

Accept named radical eg “superoxide radical” OR “hydroxyl radical”.

An example must be given for second alternative.

d.

Examiners report

[N/A]
c.i.
[N/A]
c.ii.
[N/A]
d.

Syllabus sections

Options » C: Energy » C.7 Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission (HL only)
Options » C: Energy
Options

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