DP Biology Questionbank
6.4 Gas exchange
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Description
| Nature of science: Obtain evidence for theories—epidemiological studies have contributed to our understanding of the causes of lung cancer. (1.8) |
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Understandings:
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Utilization: Syllabus and cross-curricular links: Biology Topic 1.4 Membrane transport Topic 1.6 Cell division Topic 6.2 The blood system Physics Topic 3.2 Modelling a gas Aims:
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Directly related questions
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- 16N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Describe what happens in alveoli.
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- 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system....
- 17M.1.SL.TZ2.28: Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs? A. In type I pneumocytes B. In the bronchioles C....
- 17M.1.HL.TZ2.34: The graph shows the ventilation rate and the oxygen consumption of a subject before, during and...
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
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- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.3a: Calculate the difference in ventilation rate between resting and exercising.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.3b: Explain the change in the tidal volume during exercise.
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20N.1.SL.TZ0.28:
The graph shows a spirometer trace of oxygen consumption when breathing at rest and during exercise.
[Source: Courtesy of Dr. Dafang Wang for his work at University of Utah.]
What explains the difference between the traces at regions X and Y on the graph?
A. At X, the internal intercostal muscles contract more than the external intercostal muscles.
B. At Y, the ribcage moves up and out more than at X.
C. At X, the diaphragm flattens more per breath than at Y.
D. At Y, the intercostal muscles contract more slowly than at X.
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17N.2.SL.TZ0.01e:
Elastin is also an important component of other tissues such as arteries and ligaments. Evaluate how these other sources of elastin could affect the interpretation of the biomarker as an indicator of COPD.
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17N.2.SL.TZ0.01h:
Discuss whether measurements of desmosine concentration would be useful for monitoring changes in the health of a patient.
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17N.2.SL.TZ0.01d:
Evaluate which of the two biomarkers would be the most useful indicator of COPD severity.
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17N.2.SL.TZ0.01b:
Explain how a low FEV can be used to indicate emphysema.
- 17N.2.SL.TZ0.01a: State the level of COPD that has the lowest FEV.
- 17N.2.SL.TZ0.01c: State the disease severity group that has the highest range of plasma desmosines.
- 17N.2.SL.TZ0.01f: State the relationship between diffusion capacity and urine desmosines.
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17N.2.SL.TZ0.01g:
Other studies on pulmonary diseases have shown a wide variety of results. Apart from age, sex and severity of COPD, list two other factors that may explain the inconsistent results between studies.
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17N.2.HL.TZ0.01d.i:
Analyse the graph to obtain two conclusions about the concentration of sodium–potassium pumps.
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17N.2.HL.TZ0.01f:
Using all relevant data in the question, evaluate the effectiveness of the rats’ adaptation to hypoxia.
- 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01a: Outline the effect of hypoxia on body mass and erythrocyte percentage.
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17N.2.HL.TZ0.01b:
Using the data in the graph, deduce whether hypoxia increases or decreases the endurance of the rats’ diaphragm muscle.
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17N.2.HL.TZ0.01c:
Using the data presented in this question, explain the effect of hypoxia on the body.
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17N.2.HL.TZ0.01d.ii:
Muscle fibres are stimulated to contract by the binding of acetylcholine to receptors in their membranes and the subsequent depolarization.
Suggest a reason for increasing the concentration of sodium–potassium pumps in the membranes of diaphragm muscle fibres.
- 17N.2.HL.TZ0.01e.i: Outline the effect of hypoxia on the force of contraction of the diaphragm.
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17N.2.HL.TZ0.01e.ii:
Hypoxia caused a 13 % increase in the surface area to volume ratio of the diaphragm. Suggest a reason for this change.
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17N.2.HL.TZ0.01g:
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using rats as models in this investigation.
- 17N.1.HL.TZ0.23: Which type of cell is specialized to facilitate gas exchange? A. Type I pneumocytes B. Type II...
- 21M.1.HL.TZ1.21: Which process results in the exchange of gases across the membrane of pneumocytes? A. Active...
- 21M.1.SL.TZ2.27: Which is an adaptation to increase rates of gas exchange in the lung? A. Small surface area B....
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21M.2.SL.TZ1.7a:
Outline the process of inhalation.
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21M.2.SL.TZ1.7b:
Explain the process of gas exchange taking place in the alveoli.
- 21M.1.SL.TZ2.28: Where in the body are type I pneumocytes found? A. Alveoli B. Nephrons C. Capillaries D. Trachea
- 21N.1.SL.TZ0.27: What occurs during inhalation?
- 21N.2.SL.TZ0.2c: Outline the action taken by the diaphragm during inhalation.
- 21N.2.HL.TZ0.4c: Outline the action taken by the diaphragm during inhalation.
- 22M.1.SL.TZ1.27: A cell from the lungs, observed under the microscope, contains a large number of secretory...
- 22M.1.SL.TZ2.27: Pressure changes inside the thorax cause the movement of air in and out of the lung alveoli...
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- 18N.2.SL.TZ0.1e: Explain evidence from the data in the table that could be used to persuade a smoker to give up...
- 18N.2.SL.TZ0.1b: Compare and contrast the trends in smoking behaviour between males and females between 1950 and...
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- 18N.2.SL.TZ0.1c: Evaluate the evidence provided by the data in the graphs for smoking as a cause of lung cancer.
- 18N.2.SL.TZ0.1d: Describe the relationship between the incidence of lung cancer and stopping smoking.
- 18N.2.SL.TZ0.1f: Among 75-year-old lifelong non-smokers the percentage incidence of lung cancer was 0.01 %....
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.1b: Explain the changes in ventilation after 35 seconds.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.1a: Calculate the ventilation rate at rest, giving the units.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.1c: Suggest how the total lung volume at rest would differ for a patient with emphysema.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.1d: Outline the function of pneumocytes in the lungs.
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- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.2c: Suggest how the total lung volume at rest would differ for a patient with emphysema.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.2a: Calculate the ventilation rate at rest, giving the units.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.2b: Explain the changes in ventilation after 35 seconds.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.3b: Describe how the mean tidal volume after exercise could be determined using the graph.
- 18M.2.HL.TZ2.6b: Outline how ventilation in humans ensures a supply of oxygen.
- 18M.1.SL.TZ1.28: How are the insides of alveoli prevented from sticking together?
- 18M.1.SL.TZ2.28: What is the role of type II pneumocytes? A. To carry out gas exchange B. To keep the alveoli...
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18M.2.SL.TZ1.6a:
Outline the role of the parts of an alveolus in a human lung.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.3c: Predict, with a reason, the effect of exercise on the rate of cell respiration.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.3a: Determine the ventilation rate after exercise.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.2a : State the apparatus used to measure the tidal volume.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ2.3d: Identify a muscle responsible for increasing the volume of the chest cavity.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.2c: Compare and contrast the effect of increasing treadmill speed on the ventilation rate and tidal...
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18M.3.HL.TZ1.2b:
Calculate the total volume of air inhaled during one minute during the highest velocity of the treadmill in this test, giving the units.
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- 19M.2.SL.TZ1.4a: Outline the functions of type I and type II pneumocytes.
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- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.6a: Outline the process of inspiration in humans.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.3a: State one other variable that should have been controlled in this study.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ2.3b: Compare and contrast the effect of increasing exercise intensity at sea level and at an altitude...
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19M.3.SL.TZ2.3c:
Outline how ventilation rate could have been monitored in this study.
- 19N.2.SL.TZ0.6c: Explain how ventilation and lung structure contribute to passive gas exchange.
- 19N.1.HL.TZ0.23: Which factors could cause emphysema? I. Air pollution II. Genetic predisposition III. Tobacco...
