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Syllabus

Topic 8: Metabolism, cell respiration and photosynthesis

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Additional higher level » Topic 8: Metabolism, cell respiration and photosynthesis

Description

Overview of the essential ideas for this topic.

8.1: Metabolic reactions are regulated in response to the cell’s needs.

8.2:Energy is converted to a usable form in cell respiration.

8.3: Light energy is converted into chemical energy.

Directly related questions

Sub sections and their related questions

8.1 Metabolism

8.2 Cell respiration

16N.1.HL.TZ0.30: Which process requires oxygen in aerobic cell respiration? A. Oxidation of triose phosphateB....
16N.3.SL.TZ0.9a: Outline how a gene gun inserts genes into plants.
17M.1.SL.TZ1.1: Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C....
17M.1.HL.TZ1.29: The diagram shows a mitochondrion. Which letter indicates the structure where ATP synthase is...
17M.2.HL.TZ1.5a: Explain how chemical energy for use in the cell is generated by electron transport and chemiosmosis.
17M.1.HL.TZ2.14: This reaction occurs in mitochondria. What explains that this reaction enables energy to be...
17M.2.HL.TZ2.2b.i: Describe its location.
17M.2.HL.TZ2.2b.ii: Describe its function.
17N.1.HL.TZ0.29: Which reaction does not cause a net release of energy? A. ADP combines with inorganic phosphate...
17N.1.HL.TZ0.31:
The image shows a portion of a cell containing a mitochondrion.

[Source: ‘TEM of a mitochondrion’ by Prof. R. Bellairs. Credit: Prof. R. Bellairs. CC BY 4.0.]

Where do glycolysis and electron transport occur?
18M.1.HL.TZ1.30: What happens when pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA in the link reaction? A....
18M.2.HL.TZ1.5b:
Compare and contrast the location of ATP synthase and the movement of protons during aerobic cell respiration and photosynthesis.
18M.2.HL.TZ1.5c: Using the table, distinguish between the production of ATP, use of oxygen and release of CO2 in...
18M.2.HL.TZ2.6a: Explain the stages of aerobic respiration that occur in the mitochondria of eukaryotes.
18M.1.HL.TZ2.14: The following processes occur in aerobic cell respiration. I. Decarboxylation of pyruvate II....
18N.1.HL.TZ0.10: What are final products of photosynthesis and of aerobic respiration?
18N.1.HL.TZ0.29: What term is used for ATP synthesis coupled to electron transport and proton movement? A. ...
18N.1.HL.TZ0.31: Which is a reduction reaction? A. ATP changing to ADP B. Maltose changing to glucose C. FAD...
18N.2.HL.TZ0.6b:
Describe the role of oxygen in aerobic cell respiration.
19M.1.HL.TZ1.30:
The electron micrograph shows a section through part of an animal cell.

[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion#/media/File:Mitochondria,mammalian_lung_-TEM.jpg,
by Louisa Howard.]

Which process is occurring on the structures labelled X?

A. The Krebs cycle

B. The link reaction

C. Glycolysis

D. Phosphorylation of ADP
19M.1.HL.TZ1.31: Which process is common to photosynthesis and cell respiration? A. Photolysis B. The Calvin...
19M.1.HL.TZ2.15:
The diagram shows compounds in the Krebs cycle labelled as X, Y and Z.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

How many carbon atoms are there in Y and in the acetyl group of acetyl CoA?
19M.2.HL.TZ1.7a: Outline the roles of helicase and ligase in DNA replication.
19N.1.HL.TZ0.30:
The diagram shows the link reaction between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

Which type of reaction is occurring?

A. Pyruvate is carboxylated.

B. CO2 is oxidized.

C. NAD+ is reduced.

D. Pyruvate is phosphorylated.
19N.1.HL.TZ0.31:
Which structure in the chloroplast diagram is adapted to carry out chemiosmosis?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
20N.2.HL.TZ0.3b: Explain how ATP is generated in mitochondria by chemiosmosis.
20N.1.HL.TZ0.31: Two reactions of the Krebs cycle are shown. What type of reactions are isocitrate and...
21M.1.HL.TZ1.29:
Which equation is an example of decarboxylation?

A. Pyruvate $\to$ Acetyl CoA + CO₂

B. CO₂ + H₂O H₂CO₃

C. CH₄ + 2O₂ CO₂ + 2H₂O

D.
21M.1.HL.TZ1.31: What does electron tomography allow mitochondria researchers to do? A. To produce images of...
21M.2.HL.TZ1.2b:
Compare and contrast mitochondria and chloroplasts in terms of the substrates they use and the products they produce.
21M.1.SL.TZ2.29: What is the function of the hormone leptin? A. Increase the uptake of glucose from the blood B....
21M.1.SL.TZ2.30: What is a similarity between the testes of males and the ovaries of females in humans? A. They...
21M.1.HL.TZ2.30: What molecule functions as the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport...
21N.1.HL.TZ1.30: Where are protons pumped, to allow chemiosmosis in aerobic respiration to occur? A. From outside...
22M.1.HL.TZ1.30: Where in the mitochondrion does the formation of acetyl CoA occur?
22M.1.HL.TZ2.30: The mitochondrion in the electron micrograph shows some features that make it efficient for its...
22M.1.HL.TZ2.31: Photolysis and carboxylation of RuBP occur during photosynthesis. Where in the chloroplast do...
22M.2.HL.TZ1.7c:
Explain the role of the electron transport chain in the generation of ATP by cell respiration.

8.3 Photosynthesis

16N.1.HL.TZ0.31: The electron micrograph shows part of a plant cell. Where do the light-independent reactions of...
16N.2.HL.TZ0.3a:
Identify the following processes as either anabolism or catabolism by placing a tick (√) in the correct box.
16N.2.HL.TZ0.8a: Explain the processes by which light energy is converted into chemical energy.
17M.1.SL.TZ1.1: Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C....
17M.1.HL.TZ2.13: Which technological advance enabled Calvin to perform his lollipop experiment on the...
17M.1.HL.TZ2.15: What is used to reduce NADP in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? A. Conversion of...
17N.2.HL.TZ0.04b:
Describe the process of photolysis in photosynthesis.
17N.1.HL.TZ0.29: Which reaction does not cause a net release of energy? A. ADP combines with inorganic phosphate...
17N.1.HL.TZ0.30: Which process occurs during the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis? A. ATP, CO2 and H2O...
18M.1.HL.TZ1.31: ATP is needed to change products of the carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate into triose...
18M.2.HL.TZ1.5b:
Compare and contrast the location of ATP synthase and the movement of protons during aerobic cell respiration and photosynthesis.
18M.2.HL.TZ1.5c: Using the table, distinguish between the production of ATP, use of oxygen and release of CO2 in...
18M.2.HL.TZ1.7b:
Outline how plants make use of the different wavelengths of light.
18M.1.HL.TZ2.15: What is reduced by Photosystem I ? A. ADP B. NADP C. NAD D. FAD
18N.1.HL.TZ0.30: The diagram shows the structure of a chloroplast. Where is chlorophyll located?
18N.2.HL.TZ0.4e.ii: In some boreal species, Rubisco is down-regulated during the winter months. Describe the role of...
19M.2.HL.TZ1.7a: Outline the roles of helicase and ligase in DNA replication.
19M.2.HL.TZ2.8c: Explain Calvin’s experiment and what was discovered about photosynthesis through his work.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.3a:
State the name of the process which occurs in the chloroplasts of Chlorella, that uses CO₂.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.3b.i:
The colours of the indicator in the jars ranged from yellow to purple after five hours.

Predict the distribution of indicator colours in jars 1 to 9.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.3b.ii:
Explain the scientific reasoning for your hypothesis.
20N.3.HL.TZ0.3c: Suggest one other factor that has to be kept constant in all the jars during the experiment.
20N.1.HL.TZ0.30:
The diagram shows a section through a thylakoid. Electrons move from X to Y.

[Source: Courtesy Alyse Da Quynh.]

What do the letters X, Y and Z represent?
21M.1.HL.TZ1.32: Which process does not take place in the stroma of chloroplasts? A. Synthesis of...
21M.1.HL.TZ1.33: A summary diagram of photosynthesis is shown. Which molecule represents ATP?
21M.2.HL.TZ1.2b:
Compare and contrast mitochondria and chloroplasts in terms of the substrates they use and the products they produce.
21M.2.HL.TZ1.2c:
Outline how the compounds produced by chloroplasts are distributed throughout the plant.
21M.2.HL.TZ2.6a:
Explain the role of hydrogen ions used in photosynthesis.
21M.2.HL.TZ2.6b:
Describe how the structure of the chloroplast is adapted to its function in photosynthesis.
21M.1.HL.TZ2.31:
The Hill reaction occurs when isolated chloroplasts are exposed to sunlight in the presence of DCPIP. DCPIP replaces NADP as the final electron acceptor for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. What are products of the Hill reaction?

A. H₂O and ATP

B. ATP and CO₂

C. O₂ and ATP

D. C₆H₁₂O₆ and O₂
21N.1.HL.TZ1.31: The diagram shows some of the intermediate compounds produced during the Calvin cycle. At what...
21N.1.HL.TZ1.32:
A plant is allowed to photosynthesize in an atmosphere containing radioactive ¹⁴C. Where in the plant stem would radioactive sugars be found?

[Source: sinhyu/123rf.com.]
21N.2.HL.TZ0.7c:
Explain how the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis rely on the light-dependent reactions.
22M.1.HL.TZ1.31: Which products of the light-dependent reactions are used in the Calvin cycle? A. O2 and hydrogen...