| Date | November 2019 | Marks available | 4 | Reference code | 19N.3.SL.TZ0.18 |
| Level | Standard level | Paper | Paper 3 | Time zone | TZ0 / no time zone |
| Command term | Explain | Question number | 18 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Explain how materials from red blood cells are recycled by the liver.
State a cause and a consequence of jaundice.
Cause:
Consequence:
Markscheme
a. erythrocytes/red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 120 days ✔
b. erythrocytes/red blood cells taken in by phagocytosis ✔
c. «phagocytosis» by Kupffer cells ✔
d. hemoglobin splits into globin and heme groups ✔
e. iron removed / recycled✔
f. heme without iron becomes bile pigment/bilirubin ✔
g. globin/protein digested/hydrolysed to amino acids ✔
Cause: Do not accept toxins or alcohol
Hepatitis / liver cancer / cirrhosis / parasite infection / excess production of bile pigments/bilirubin / blocked bile ducts / gall stones ✔
Consequence:
yellowing/discoloration of skin/sclera/white of the eye / dark urine / grey feces / brain damage in infants ✔
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 17M.3.SL.TZ1.19: The diagram below shows the liver and main vessels associated with it. Suggest advantages...
- 22M.1.HL.TZ1.40: What is the role of HCG in early pregnancy? A. It prevents the degeneration of the corpus...
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.20c: Outline the fate of the iron from the erythrocytes.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.22: Explain the process of erythrocyte and hemoglobin breakdown in the liver.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.21b: Describe how the liver regulates nutrient levels.
- 18M.3.SL.TZ1.17a: The liver receives blood from the digestive system via the hepatic portal vein as...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.10: The graph shows the effect of increasing the substrate concentration on the rate of an...
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.19a.i: Identify cell X shown in the diagram.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.18b: Explain how components of bile are produced by the liver.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.19a.ii: Outline the role of the cell in recycling iron in the body.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.20b: Describe the breakdown of erythrocytes by liver cells.
- 17N.3.SL.TZ0.18a.i: Identify the blood vessel labelled B.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.20a.ii:
Outline the circulation of blood through liver tissue.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.18a.ii:
Outline the function of the blood vessel labelled B.
- 18M.3.HL.TZ2.21d: Outline the stages involved in the recycling of erythrocytes by the liver.
- 17N.3.HL.TZ0.21a.i: Jaundice causes a yellow discolouration of the skin, mucous membranes and sclera of the eyes....
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.21b:
Distinguish between the structure of liver sinusoids and capillaries.
- 16N.3.HL.TZ0.23: Explain, using an oxygen dissociation curve, how hemoglobin supplies oxygen to respiring...
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.18a.ii:
Identify the blood vessel labelled Y which brings blood from the intestines.
-
18M.3.HL.TZ1.20a.i:
The diagram shows the liver and its main blood vessels.
[Source: VectorStock]
Label the hepatic portal vein bringing blood to the liver.
- 16N.3.SL.TZ0.18b: Explain the importance of bilirubin in the onset of jaundice.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ2.18:
Explain the stages involved in the recycling of erythrocytes by the liver.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.18a.i:
Identify the phagocyte labelled X.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.20b.ii: Outline one other function of the liver.
-
18M.3.SL.TZ1.17b:
Outline how the liver recycles the components of red blood cells.
- 18N.3.SL.TZ0.19b: Explain reasons for the dual blood supply to the liver.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.18a: State the organ in the digestive system where this process is taking place.
-
20N.3.SL.TZ0.18b:
Explain the function of hepatocytes in protein metabolism.
- 20N.3.SL.TZ0.18c: Compare and contrast the structure of sinusoids and capillaries.
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.20b.i: Describe the breakdown of hemoglobin in the liver.
-
16N.3.SL.TZ0.18a:
The cell labelled X is only found in the liver and is associated with the wall of a sinusoid.
(i) Identify cell X.
(ii) Outline the function of cell X.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.20a: State the name of the cells that perform the breakdown of erythrocytes in the liver.
- 18N.3.HL.TZ0.18c: Outline a function of fats in the body.
- 19N.3.SL.TZ0.18b: State a cause and a consequence of jaundice. Cause: Consequence:
- 18M.3.HL.TZ1.20b: Explain the breakdown of hemoglobin in the liver.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.17c:
List two functions of hepatocytes other than regulating lactate levels in the blood.
1.
2.
-
17N.3.SL.TZ0.18b:
Distinguish between the structure of liver sinusoids and capillaries.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.17c: Excess nutrients absorbed in the intestine can be stored. State one example of a nutrient...
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.17b:
Compare and contrast the possible metabolic pathways for lactate in hepatocytes and in mitochondria-rich tissue.
-
19M.3.SL.TZ2.17a:
State the name of the blood vessel through which lactate from muscles reaches the liver
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.17b: State one feature in the diagram that identifies the structure as a sinusoid.
- 19M.3.SL.TZ1.17a: List the two blood vessels that supply the sinusoids. 1. 2.
- 17M.3.HL.TZ1.21b.ii: Explain how the increase in CO2 concentration affects the release of oxygen to respiring cells.
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.1h: Using all the data, discuss whether inoculating mice with the antigen to B. burgdorferi could...
- 19N.3.HL.TZ0.20a: Describe the relationship between age and liver transplants due to cancers.
-
17N.3.HL.TZ0.21a.ii:
Explain how the normal production of bile pigments changes with the development of jaundice.
-
18N.3.HL.TZ0.18e:
In order to compare the absorption of fat and of glucose in the digestive system, state in the table, using yes or no, whether the processes occur.
