Date | May 2021 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 21M.3op3.HL.TZ0.8 |
Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Asia and Oceania) | Time zone | TZ0 |
Command term | To what extent | Question number | 8 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Section 4: The rise and fall of the Mughal Empire (1526–1712)
To what extent did the religious and economic policies of Shah Jahan I contribute to instability in the Mughal Empire?
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the suggestion that the religious and economic policies of Shah Jahan I contributed to instability in the Mughal Empire. Candidates may offer equal coverage of religious and economic policies, or they may emphasize their assessment of one, but both aspects will be a feature of the response. They may identify that he did not practice religious toleration like his father and grandfather and refer to his imposition of Sharia law, the destruction of churches and temples, and the revolts of the Sikhs in the Punjab and the Rajput princes. Candidates may also consider the lavish court and building expenditure, which led to economic instability and opposition. Other relevant factors may be addressed, for example, the bureaucratic nature of his administration, but with a focus on the issue in the question. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.