Identify the names of two functional groups present in zanamivir using section 37 of the data booklet.

Distinguish between bacteria and viruses.

Any two of:

hydroxyl

carboxyl/carbonyl

ether

amido/carbonyl

Accept “alcohol/hydroxy” for “hydroxyl”, “carboxylic acid” for “carboxyl” and “amide/carboxamide” for “amido”.

Accept “amino/amine” OR “imine/imino” but these are not correct as they are part of the guanidino group.

Accept “alkenyl/alkene/carbon to carbon double bond” but not “C=C” OR “carbon double bond”.

Accept “carbonyl” only once.

Accept “heterocyclic ring” for “ether”.

[2 marks]

Any two of:

bacteria perform living functions «on their own» AND viruses do not «without host cell»

bacteria have cell walls AND viruses do not

OR

bacteria do not have a capsid AND viruses do

bacteria larger than viruses

bacteria reproduce by fission/budding AND viruses reproduce within a living host cell

Accept examples of living functionsexcretion, reproduction etc for M1.

Accept “bacteria have flagella/cytoplasm/ribosome AND virus can have head/protein tail/double stranded RNA/single stranded DNA”.

Accept other specific structural differences for M2.

Accept “asexual reproduction for bacteria” for M4.

[2 marks]