Describe one study investigating the reliability of one cognitive process.

Refer to the paper 1 section A markbands when awarding marks.

The command term “describe” requires candidates to give a detailed account of one study investigating the reliability of one cognitive process. The description should include the aim, procedure, results and conclusion of the study.

Cognitive processes may include, but are not limited to:

• Memory – reconstructive memory, false memories, eye-witness testimony, flashbulb memory, memory distortions
• Perception – top-down/bottom-up processing, visual illusions, values, context, cultural factors.

Studies may include, but are not limited to:

• Bartlett’s (1932) “War of the Ghosts” study relating to schema theory
• Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) study on reconstructive memory
• Riniolo et al.’s (2009) archival study of eyewitness memory related to the sinking of the Titanic
• Deffenbacher et al. (2004) on emotion and reliability of memory
• Deregowski’s (1972) study on visual perception and culture.

If a candidate only describes the reliability of one cognitive process without making reference to a
relevant research study, the response should be awarded up to a maximum of [3].

If a candidate describes more than one study, credit should be given only to the first description.