List one reason why clay modelling is still used to prototype models in processes such as car design.

Describe the difference between surface and solid modelling.

Outline why isometric drawings are often used in car design.

Explain why digital humans are used in car interior design.

cost effective ✓

easy to shape/manipulate ✓

easy to modify ✓

tactile material ✓

readily available (abundant) material ✓

helps communicate the form ✓

can be scanned/used for further digital development ✓

suitable for large scale modeling ✓

Award [1] for listing a reason why clay modelling is still used to make prototype models such as in car design up to [1 max].

surface modelling is a realistic/aesthetic representation of the final model/offers some machining data/contains no data about the interior of the part ✓

whereas solid modelling is a comprehensive (internal and external) representation of the final part/provides a complete set of data for the product to be realized ✓

Award [1] for each description of the difference between solid and surface modelling up to [2 max].

Answer in brackets is not required to award the mark

Do not award marks across clusters

isometric drawings provide a 3D view of the car ✓
that helps communicate the idea between designers and client/gives a clear representation what the product will look like ✓

exploded isometric drawings can be used to show how the parts need to be assembled ✓
which helps in the manufacturing of different parts of the car ✓

Award [1] for identifying why isometric drawings are often used in car design and [1] for a brief explanation up to [2 max].

Do not award marks for ‘shows all dimensions/angles of the car’

Do not award marks across clusters

digital humans are virtual simulations of human beings with realistic movements of various parts of the body ✓
can be used to test/evaluate how people interact with the car interior/ controls ✓
to determine optimum clearance/reach/adjustability ✓

digital humans are virtual simulations of human beings with realistic mass/size/shape ✓
can be used to test/evaluate the result of a crash/accident ✓
to optimise the interior of the vehicle to enhance safety/minimise risk of injury ✓

digital human libraries contain models of varying sizes and shapes ✓
designers do not need to utilise a range of real people/physical models to test the interior of the car ✓
reducing labour costs/making modifications to the car interior design quick/cost effective ✓

Award [1] for each of three distinct points in an explanation of why digital humans are used in car interior design up to [3 max].

A very easy question, well answered. Most candidates opted for cost effective (or WTTE), easy to modify, or communicates the form.

Many candidates mixed up simple surface model as a clay model and solid also as a solid clay model. Not many candidates made reference to this being a digital/CAD model (according to the guide topic 3.4). As the question in 1d.i made reference to clay, some candidates may have been confused. This is the only question not specifically related to car design in Q1.

Straightforward but many candidates talked about 'all round' views and level of detail. Very few answered from the second cluster relating to exploded isometric drawing.

A generally poor understanding of how digital humans are used in car design was demonstrated. The most common answers mentioned interacting with the interior controls or testing resulting of accidents and the need to enhance safety. Very few candidates achieved 3 marks on this question.