| Date | November 2018 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 18N.2.SL.TZ0.1 |
| Level | SL | Paper | 2 | Time zone | no time zone |
| Command term | List | Question number | 1 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The Boeing 787 aircraft was designed to be 20% more fuel efficient than its predecessors and is based on light-weight construction. The Boeing 787 is the first major commercial aircraft to have a composite fuselage, composite wings, and to use composites in most other components, see Figure 1.
The Boeing 787’s cabin windows are larger than any other civil aircraft and are composed of photochromatic smart glass.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018]
Figure 2 shows the use of an instrumented model during the development of the aircraft’s wings.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018]
State the percentage of composite used in the production of a Boeing 787.
Outline which physical property would have the greatest impact on the fuel consumption of a plane.
Outline why photochromatic glass is an appropriate material for the windows of the Boeing 787.
Outline why magneto-rheostatic smart materials would be used in the landing gear of the Boeing 787.
List two advantages of using finite element analysis (FEA) for the design of the Boeing 787 wings.
Explain how instrumented models have been used in the development of Boeing 787 wings.
Markscheme
50% ✓
Award [1] for stating the percentage of composite used in the production of a Boeing 787.
low mass/weight ✓
requires less energy/fuel (to fly) ✓
high mass/weight ✓
requires more energy/fuel (to fly) ✓
Award [1] for identifying a physical property that would have the greatest impact on the fuel consumption of a plane and [1] for a brief explanation.
(answer in brackets not required to award mark)
the properties of photochromatic glass allow it to tint/change opacity when exposed to (UV) light/the voltage is controlled ✓
which blocks the sunlight so that passengers are more comfortable/protected from sun glare/eliminating the need for physical shade/blind ✓
Award [1] for identifying why photochromatic glass is an appropriate material for the windows of a Boeing 787 and [1] for a brief explanation.
Do not accept ‘change colour’.
magneto-rheostatic fluids change their viscosity when exposed to a magnetic field ✓
which means that the impact of landing can be reduced/made safer ✓
Award [1] for identifying why magneto-rheostatic smart materials would be used in the landing gear of the Boeing 787 and [1] for a brief explanation.
test the structural integrity/stresses of the wing ✓
overcomes expensive performance testing/is more cost effective ✓
test the aerodynamics under various conditions ✓
test thermal exchange of interior/exterior under various conditions ✓
the designer can quickly make changes to the CAD drawing to improve the design of the wing ✓
Award [1] for each advantage of using FEA analysis for the design of the Boeing 787 wings.
instrumented models allow measurements to be taken that provide accurate/quantitative feedback for analysis ✓
the wings on the 787 have been tested under various simulated conditions ✓
this ensures that the wing can safely operate/resist stress during operation/improve the design ✓
Award [1] for each of three distinct points in an explanation of how instrumented models have been used in the development of Boeing 787 wings.
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
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22M.2.SL.TZ0.7b:
Explain why finite element analysis (FEA) would be used in the development of the drone.
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18N.1.SL.TZ0.11:
Figure 3 shows a photorealistic model of a computer mouse. The model gives no internal data for manufacture using computer-aided manufacturing (CAM).
Figure 3: A photorealistic model of a computer mouse
[Source: Image by Eduemoni www.wikipedia.com]
What type of model is shown in Figure 3?
A. Solid model
B. Graphic model
C. Surface model
D. Physical model
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19N.1.SL.TZ0.13:
Which of the following would enable a designer to understand the structural forces acting on a bridge support?
A. Data modelling
B. Bottom-up Modelling
C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
D. Virtual prototyping
- 19N.1.SL.TZ0.26: Which of the following processes, commonly used in video games and animated movies, uses...
- 18M.1.SL.TZ0.13: Virtual reality is increasingly being used in design and development to simulate product...
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19M.1.HL.TZ0.11:
Which type of analysis would you use to simulate unknown factors, such as stresses within a joint, in products?
A. Market analysis
B. Finite element analysis (FEA)
C. Life cycle analysis (LCA)
D. Work flow analysis
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20N.1.SL.TZ0.12:
In computer-aided design (CAD), when a model is created that has no interior material and is just a visual representation of the final product, this is considered as a…
A. Bottom up model
B. Surface model
C. Solid model
D. Top down model
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20N.2.SL.TZ0.1b.i:
Outline how finite element analysis (FEA) could be used to further develop the process during the component’s manufacture by injection moulding.
- 17N.1.SL.TZ0.13: Designing parts of a product individually then assembling them together later is known...
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20N.2.SL.TZ0.6d:
Explain the role of rapid prototyping, instrumented physical models and computer aided design (CAD) in the design of the modern rotor sail.
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17N.2.SL.TZ0.1e.ii:
Explain why solid modelling is advantageous in the development of the Dish Doctor.
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20N.2.SL.TZ0.1b.ii:
Outline why solid modelling rather than surface modelling would have been used in the computer-aided design (CAD) development of the component designed in Figure 1.
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19N.1.SL.TZ0.11:
Figure 3 shows people in a museum. By interacting with the exhibit they are able to understand how the image displayed on the screen feels.
Figure 3: People interacting with an exhibit in a museum
[Source: image provided with kind permission from Christopher Dean]
Which technology enables the people to understand what the image feels like through their sense of touch?
A. Animation
B. Haptic
C. Motion capture
D. Virtual prototyping
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21N.2.SL.TZ0.5a:
Outline how data modelling could have been used in the development of the Aria smartphone app in Figure 10.
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19M.2.SL.TZ0.1d.ii:
Describe the difference between surface and solid modelling.
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19M.2.SL.TZ0.1e.ii:
Explain why digital humans are used in car interior design.
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21N.2.SL.TZ0.1c.ii:
Explain how finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to test products with multiple parts.
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21N.2.SL.TZ0.7d:
Explain the benefit of using freehand sketches, physical models and CAD solid models in the development of the horn of the Gramovox® bluetooth speaker.
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19N.2.SL.TZ0.7c:
Explain one advantage of using Finite element analysis (FEA) and one advantage of using physical models for testing the Zuperzozial kitchenware.
