Describe the most appropriate teaching style for a coach to use with a group of novice javelin throwers.

Giving an example, outline the characteristics of saturated fatty acids.

Explain the phenomenon of cardiovascular drift and one method of reducing it.

A table-tennis ball is hit with topspin. Apply the Bernoulli principle to the projectile motion of the ball.

Discuss the factors that determine the dominant energy system.

command style teacher led instruction with minimal student autonomy;

inherent dangers within activity / to control safety factors;

teaching style most appropriate for novice / low skill level;

solid/liquid at rtp;

mainly animal;

only single bonds between carbon atoms;

Max [1] for an example.

Accept the converse for unsaturated fats.

Phenomenon

occurs during prolonged submaximal exercise;

reduction in blood volume due to sweating

OR

reduction in blood volume leads to increase blood viscosity;

reduced blood volume results in decrease in stroke volume;

heart rate increases to maintain cardiac output;

vasodilation causes a reduction of blood flow to working muscles;

Prevention

maintain hydration to maintain blood viscosity;

decrease exercise intensity;

exercise during cooler part of day;

wear clothing which allows air flow;

Max [4] for phenomenon.

Max [1] for prevention.

action of rotation causes the air to be dragged around the rotation of the ball;

this causes increased air velocity underneath the ball and a decreased air velocity on the top;

there is an inverse relationship between air flow velocity and air pressure which is expressed in the Bernoulli principle;

resulting in a high pressure area on the top and a low pressure on the bottom of the ball;

the ball will move towards the low pressure area / downwards;

the ball will drop on to the table sooner <than with either no spin or backspin> / reduce the distance the ball travels before hitting the table;

Accept marking points as annotations on a diagram.

intensity of activity;

e.g. in explosive activities the dominant activity is the ATP–PC system

OR

e.g. sprint finish which will cause a switch from aerobic to anerobic;

duration of activity;

e.g. 100m will be dominated by ATP–PC, 800m anaerobic glycolysis, marathonaerobic;

availability of fuel sources;

e.g. not having sufficient ATP–PC drives energy system to anaerobic glycolysis

OR

e.g. previous interval training loads will deplete muscle glycogen which will reduce the use of anerobic/aerobic

glycolysis and cause switch to fat oxidation;

the amount of recovery time available;

e.g. submaximal activity / passive rest to replenish PC

OR

e.g. sufficient time to rid the body of <negative by-products> hydrogen ions/lactate;

Max [2] for each given factor.

Max [3] for stating the factors with no relevant example/explanation.

Of the candidates who chose question 6, a number did not choose to answer this question. This was another question raised by the G2 forms, however overall candidates approached this question very well. They were able to explain the effect of sweating on blood viscosity and the impact this had on stroke volume, cardiac output and heart rate respectively. Nearly all candidates were able to identify a method to reduce the effect of cardiovascular drift, with the most popular response being to maintain hydration. Some candidates need further review of when cardiovascular drift may occur.

A number of the candidates who selected question 6, chose not to answer this part. Many of the candidates were able to correctly identify the difference in air velocity and therefore air pressure. With the majority identifying the impact that this had on the flight of the ball. Although many candidates were able to understand the requirements of the question there were a number who were confused and started to discuss backspin. With many referring to back spin in their answer.

Therefore, reading through the question and reviewing their answers is encouraged.