| Date | May 2021 | Marks available | 3 | Reference code | 21M.2.HL:.tz0.3 |
| Level | Higher Level | Paper | Paper 2 | Time zone | time zone 0 |
| Command term | Explain | Question number | 3 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Outline two environmental constraints that can enhance a person’s learning of a new skill.
Using examples, explain how a coach may apply a constraints-led approach to improve player motivation.
Identify possible performance indicators in a frequency table for a sport of your choice.
Markscheme
physical factors such as:
gravity, altitude, light, floor space, noise, surface:
e.g. reduce space available to perform skill to improve decision making
OR
practice under floodlights when training for a night-time match ✔
social constraints such as:
peer pressure, social or cultural expectations:
e.g. stereo playing to get used to crowd noise ✔
environment:
e.g. a coach may make the playing field wider but shorter to make it easier to score / encouraging regular success ✔
individual / athlete:
e.g. reduce the number of players in a team to keep all involved ✔
task:
e.g. they may make the ball being used in volleyball softer so that players are encouraged to pass the ball correctly ✔
Award [2 max] per constraint.
e.g. basketball:
numbers of penalties ✔
numbers of shots taken from inside the key ✔
successful shots from inside the key ✔
shots taken outside 3 point zone ✔
successful shots from 3 point zone ✔
free throw percentage success ✔
rebounds ✔
assists ✔
Examiners report
Few candidates responded appropriately to the command term; most stated the environmental constraints. Candidates also struggled to apply the environmental constraints to the context of the question, which focused on enhancing learning. Candidates were required to provide the constraint and a brief outline of an example relating to enhancing learning.
Generally this was answered better than 3a. Many candidates were able to provide at least two examples and started to explain how they would improve motivation. However, weaker candidates mainly gave an outline or did not apply the constraint-led approach to improving motivation.
Many candidates were able to provide examples; however, several candidates provided physiological indicators rather than appropriate performance indicators that could be used in a frequency table.
