Define the term mood.

Explain the role of exercise in reducing the effects of depression.

a state of emotional or affective arousal of varying, and not permanent, duration OWTTE✔

the relationship is correlational ie there is no causal link✔

increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain✔

increases endorphin production during and after exercise which promote feelings of well-being✔

changes central serotonergic systems/increases serotonin levels from exercise which contributes to feelings of well-being and happiness✔

increases the neurotransmitter noradrenaline heightening sense of alertness and vigour✔

dopamine levels increase due to exercise✔

improved self-image/esteem✔

OWTTE applies to all marking points.

surprisingly not well answered and there were some poor answers despite clarity within the teacher’s notes for this.

generally well answered question, with many candidates recognising specific hormonal effects.