| Date | May 2018 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 18M.1.SL.TZ0.9 |
| Level | Standard Level | Paper | Paper 1 | Time zone | Time zone 0 |
| Command term | Suggest | Question number | 9 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Figure 8(a): Fact file on MaMaBay
- MaMaBay includes Makira and Masoala National Parks and Antongil Bay shown in Figure 8(b).
- Masoala National Park was created in 1997 and Makira National Park in 2012.
- Forest within the Antongil Bay watershed contains about 50 % of the island’s biodiversity.
- Antongil Conservation, an NGO, aims to:
- preserve diversity of forests
- develop ecotourism (tourism in which visitors are attracted to see wildlife, has minimal adverse impacts on the environment, and supports conservation efforts and local people)
- create alternative farming methods and income generation for local people.
- The bay is home to a wide variety of marine life which includes:
- 11 whale species
- 19 shark species
- over 110 fish species
- 3 turtle species.
- It is an important breeding ground for humpback whales.
- The coastal and marine ecosystem is under threat from high levels of fishing including illegal fishing, depletion of mangrove forest and sediment from river inputs.
- The island of Nosy Mangabe within Antongil Bay provides a sanctuary for the threatened aye-aye.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018]
Figure 8(b): MaMaBay including Antongil Bay, north-east Madagascar
Figure 8(c): Deforestation hotspots within MaMaBay in 2009
With reference to Figures 8(a), 8(b) and 8(c), suggest two reasons why Makira National Park was created in the area shown.
Markscheme
high level of biodiversity in the area / park is located in area that contains 50% of the island’s biodiversity / to protect biodiversity;
threat to habitat due to deforestation / is a deforestation hotspot that threatens habitats/biodiversity / as an attempt to reduce deforestation in the area;
provides a corridor to Masoala National Park;
few villages are located there so it is easier (less opposition from locals) to create the National Park there / has limited effects/restrictions on villages surrounding the area;
potential for ecotourism development in the area.
Examiners report
This question was well answered by the majority of candidates.
