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Date	May 2021	Marks available	1	Reference code	21M.2.hl.TZ1.3
Level	HL	Paper	2	Time zone	TZ1
Command term	Deduce	Question number	3	Adapted from	N/A

Question

Magnetite, Fe₃O₄, is another ore of iron that contains both Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺.

Iron exists as several isotopes.

Deduce the ratio of Fe²⁺:Fe³⁺ in Fe₃O₄.

[1]

State the type of spectroscopy that could be used to determine their relative abundances.

[1]

b(i).

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.

[2]

b(ii).

Iron has a relatively small specific heat capacity; the temperature of a 50 g sample rises by 44.4°C when it absorbs 1 kJ of heat energy.

Determine the specific heat capacity of iron, in J g⁻¹K⁻¹. Use section 1 of the data booklet.

[1]

A voltaic cell is set up between the Fe²⁺(aq) | Fe (s) and Fe³⁺ (aq) | Fe²⁺ (aq) half-cells.

Deduce the equation and the cell potential of the spontaneous reaction. Use section 24 of the data booklet.

[2]

The figure shows an apparatus that could be used to electroplate iron with zinc. Label the figure with the required substances.

[2]

Outline why, unlike typical transition metals, zinc compounds are not coloured.

[1]

Transition metals like iron can form complex ions. Discuss the bonding between transition metals and their ligands in terms of acid-base theory.

[2]

Markscheme

1:2 ✔

Accept 2 Fe³⁺: 1 Fe²⁺
Do not accept 2:1 only

mass «spectroscopy»/MS ✔

b(i).

Award [1 max] for 4 correct values.

b(ii).

specific heat capacity « = $\frac{q}{m \times ∆ T} / \frac{1000 J}{50 g \times 44 K}$ » = 0.45 «J g⁻¹K⁻¹» ✔

Equation:
2Fe³⁺(aq) + Fe(s) → 3Fe²⁺(aq) ✔

Cell potential:
«+0.77 V − (−0.45 V) = +»1.22 «V» ✔

Do not accept reverse reaction or equilibrium arrow.

Do not accept negative value for M2.

left electrode/anode labelled zinc/Zn AND right electrode/cathode labelled iron/Fe ✔

electrolyte labelled as «aqueous» zinc salt/Zn²⁺ ✔

Accept an inert conductor for the anode.

Accept specific zinc salts such as ZnSO₄.

« Zn²⁺» has a full d-shell
OR
does not form « ions with» an incomplete d-shell ✔

Do not accept “Zn is not a transition metal”.

Do not accept zinc atoms for zinc ions.

ligands donate pairs of electrons to metal ions
OR
forms coordinate covalent/dative bond✔

ligands are Lewis bases
AND
metal «ions» are Lewis acids ✔

Examiners report

[N/A]

b(i).

[N/A]

b(ii).

[N/A]

Syllabus sections

Core » Topic 4: Chemical bonding and structure » 4.1 Ionic bonding and structure

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