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Date	May 2018	Marks available	2	Reference code	18M.3.sl.TZ2.17
Level	SL	Paper	3	Time zone	TZ2
Command term	Explain	Question number	17	Adapted from	N/A

Question

Morphine and diamorphine (heroin) are both opioids.

Explain why diamorphine is more potent than morphine using section 37 of the data booklet.

Markscheme

morphine has hydroxyl/OH groups/is more polar AND diamorphine has ester/ethanoate/acetate groups/is less polar/is lipid soluble

crossing blood brain barrier is easier for non-polar/less polar compounds/for lipid soluble compounds

Accept “alcohol/hydroxy” for “hydroxyl” but not “hydroxide”.

Accept "fats" for "lipid".

[2 marks]

Examiners report

[N/A]

Syllabus sections

Options » D: Medicinal chemistry » D.3 Opiates

Show 27 related questions

17N.3.sl.TZ0.17b.i:
The strong analgesics morphine and codeine are opiates. Outline how codeine can be synthesized from morphine. The structures of morphine and codeine are in section 37 of the data booklet.
17N.3.sl.TZ0.17b.ii:
Explain why opiates are addictive.
20N.3.sl.TZ0.14c(ii): State the natural source from which codeine, morphine and diamorphine are obtained.
18M.3.sl.TZ1.13d.i:
Morphine and codeine are strong analgesics. Outline how strong analgesics function.
19M.3.hl.TZ2.21b:
Explain why diamorphine (heroin) is more potent than morphine using section 37 of the data booklet.
18N.3.sl.TZ0.13b: Describe the analgesic action of an opiate.
19M.3.sl.TZ1.18a:
Explain how opiates act to provide pain relief.
17M.3.sl.TZ1.18b.ii:
State and explain the action of opiates as painkillers.
17M.3.sl.TZ2.16a:
Explain why diamorphine passes more readily than morphine through the blood-brain barrier.
17M.3.sl.TZ1.18b.i:
Suggest the type of reaction used to convert morphine to codeine.
17M.3.sl.TZ2.16b:
Suggest a reagent used to prepare diamorphine from morphine.
18N.3.hl.TZ0.17a:
Explain why diamorphine (heroin) crosses the blood–brain barrier more easily than morphine.
17M.3.sl.TZ2.16c:
Suggest one reason why codeine is available without prescription in some countries whilst morphine is administered under strict medical supervision.
19N.3.hl.TZ0.21a: Explain why diamorphine has greater potency than morphine.
16N.3.sl.TZ0.20b:
Methadone is sometimes used to help reduce withdrawal symptoms in the treatment of heroin addiction. Outline one withdrawal symptom that an addict may experience.
18N.3.sl.TZ0.13a:
Explain why diamorphine (heroin) crosses the blood–brain barrier more easily than morphine.
19N.3.sl.TZ0.15b: Explain why diamorphine has greater potency than morphine.
19N.3.sl.TZ0.15a: State the names of two functional groups present in all three molecules, using section 37 of...
19M.3.hl.TZ1.23a:
Explain how opiates act to provide pain relief.
19M.3.sl.TZ2.14b(i):
State one advantage of using morphine as an analgesic.
19M.3.sl.TZ2.14b(ii):
Explain why diamorphine (heroin) is more potent than morphine using section 37 of the data booklet.
18M.3.sl.TZ1.13d.ii:
Suggest one reason why codeine is more widely used than morphine as an analgesic.
19M.3.hl.TZ1.23b:
Discuss how the difference in structure of two opiates, codeine and morphine, affect their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Use section 37 of the data booklet.
20N.3.hl.TZ0.19c(ii): State the natural source from which codeine, morphine and diamorphine are obtained.
20N.3.sl.TZ0.14c(i): State and explain the relative solubility of codeine in water compared to morphine and...
20N.3.hl.TZ0.19c(i): State and explain the relative solubility of codeine in water compared to morphine and...
19M.3.sl.TZ1.18b:
Discuss how the difference in structure of two opiates, codeine and morphine, affect their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Use section 37 of the data booklet.

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