| Date | November 2016 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 16N.3.hl.TZ0.6 |
| Level | HL | Paper | 3 | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | State, Deduce, and Draw | Question number | 6 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Polymers are made up of repeating monomer units which can be manipulated in various ways to give structures with desired properties.
Fermentation of sugars from corn starch produces propane-1,3-diol, which can be polymerized with benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid to produce the PTT polymer (polytrimethylene terephthalate).
(i) Draw the molecular structure of each monomer.
(ii) Deduce the name of the linkage formed on polymerization between the two monomers and the name of the inorganic product.
Markscheme
i
HO–CH2–CH2–CH2–OH AND HOOC–C6H4–COOH
Accept full or condensed structural formulas. Labelling of monomers not required but penalize incorrect labels.
ii
Name of linkage: ester
AND
Name of inorganic product: water
Do not accept “esterification”.
Do not accept formulas.
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
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17N.3.hl.TZ0.7c:
Identify the type of intermolecular bonding that is responsible for Kevlar®’s strength.
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17M.3.hl.TZ2.3c.ii:
Suggest, giving one reason, whether this is an addition or condensation reaction.
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17M.3.hl.TZ1.9b:
State the class of polymer to which PETE belongs.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.2d.ii: Deduce the repeating unit of the polymer of X.
- 18N.3.hl.TZ0.2d.i: State the names of the two terminal functional groups in X.
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17M.3.hl.TZ1.9a:
Deduce the repeating unit of the polymer and the other product of the reaction.
- 17N.3.hl.TZ0.7b: Describe how the monomers of addition polymers and of condensation polymers differ.
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18M.3.hl.TZ1.4c.i:
Draw the structure of the monomer from which nylon-6 is produced by a condensation reaction.
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19N.3.hl.TZ0.5a:
Draw the structure of the monomers of Kevlar® if the by-product of the condensation polymerization is hydrogen chloride.
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.4e:
State one factor considered when making green chemistry polymers.
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18M.3.hl.TZ2.5c.i:
Distinguish between the manufacture of polyester and polyethene.
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19M.3.hl.TZ1.4d:
Classify polybutadiene as either an addition or condensation polymer, giving a reason.
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18N.3.hl.TZ0.2d.iii:
Repeating units of several polymers are listed.
The infrared (IR) spectrum of one of these polymers is shown.
Deduce, giving a reason, the name of this polymer and its Resin Identification Code (RIC), using sections 26 and 30 in the data booklet.
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19M.3.hl.TZ2.5e:
Outline, giving a reason, how addition and condensation polymerization compare with regard to green chemistry.
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19M.3.hl.TZ2.5f:
Draw the full structural formula of the organic functional group formed during the polymerization of the two reactants below.
- 20N.3.hl.TZ0.3c: Classify PVC and polyethene terephthalate, PET, as addition or condensation polymers and...
