Which has the strongest conjugate base?

A. HCOOH (K_a = 1.8 × 10⁻⁴)

B. HNO₂ (K_a = 7.2 × 10⁻⁴)

C. HCN (K_a = 6.2 × 10⁻¹⁰)

D. HIO₃ (K_a = 1.7 × 10⁻¹)

The pK_a of an anthocyanin is 4.35. Determine the pH of a 1.60 × 10^–3 mol dm^–3 solution to two decimal places.

Calculate [H₃O⁺] in the solution and the dissociation constant, K_a , of the acid at 25 °C.

Determine the pH of 0.010 mol dm⁻³ 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid solution.

K_a (2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid) = 9.333 × 10⁻⁶

Determine the pH of a 0.250 mol dm⁻³ aqueous solution of ethylamine at 298 K, using section 21 of the data booklet.

Calculate the ratio of [A⁻] : [HA] in a buffer of pH 6.0 given that pK_a for the acid is 4.83, using section 1 of the data booklet.

Calculate the $K_{\mathrm{b}}$ of the conjugate base of ethanoic acid using sections 2 and 21 of the data booklet.

In a titration, $25.00 {\mathrm{cm}}^3$ of vinegar required $20.75 {\mathrm{cm}}^3$ of $1.00 \mathrm{mol} {\mathrm{dm}}^{-3}$ potassium hydroxide to reach the end-point.

Calculate the concentration of ethanoic acid in the vinegar.

The following equation represents the dissociation of water at 25 °C.

2H₂O (l) $\rightleftharpoons$ H₃O⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq)        ΔH = +56 kJ

Which changes occur as the temperature increases?

A. [H₃O⁺] increases and pH will decrease.

B. [H₃O⁺] decreases and pH will increase.

C. [H₃O⁺] increases and pH will increase.

D. [H₃O⁺] decreases and pH will decrease.

Calculate K_b for HCO₃^– acting as a base.

At 298 K the concentration of aqueous carbon dioxide in carbonated water is 0.200 mol dm⁻³ and the pK_a for Equilibrium (2) is 6.36.

Calculate the pH of carbonated water.

Calculate the pH of 0.100 mol dm⁻³ aqueous ethanoic acid.

K_a = 1.74 × 10⁻⁵

Calculate the pH of 0.00100 mol dm^–3 propanoic acid solution. Use section 21 of the data booklet.

Calculate the pH of a 1.00 × 10⁻² mol dm⁻³ aqueous solution of ammonia.

pK_b = 4.75 at 298 K.

Hydrazine reacts with water in a similar way to ammonia. (The association of a molecule of hydrazine with a second H⁺ is so small it can be neglected.)

$${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}\text{(aq)}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}\rightleftharpoons {\text{N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}^{+}\text{(aq)}+\text{O}{\text{H}}^{-}\text{(aq)}$$

$$\text{p}{K}_{\text{b}}\text{ (hydrazine)}=5.77$$

Calculate the pH of a $0.0100\text{ mol}\text{d}{\text{m}}^{-3}$ solution of hydrazine.

Calculate the concentration, in mol dm^–3, of ammonia molecules in the solution with pH = 9.3. Use section 21 of the data booklet.

Determine the concentration of methanoic acid in a solution of pH = 4.12. Use section 21 of the data booklet.

The concentration of excess sodium hydroxide was 0.362 mol dm⁻³. Calculate the pH of the solution at the end of the experiment.

Calculate the initial pH before any sodium hydroxide was added, using section 21 of the data booklet.