• Syllabus

13: War and change in the Middle East and North Africa 1914–1945

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Sub sections and their related questions

Allied diplomacy in the Middle East: McMahon–Hussein correspondence; Sykes–Picot; Arab Revolt; Balfour Declaration

• 17N.3op1.HL.TZ0.25:

  “Allied diplomacy in the Middle East was motivated by self-interest.” Discuss.

• 18M.3op1.HL.TZ0.25: “The Arab Revolt had little impact on the territorial settlement in the Middle East after the...
• 19M.3op1.HL.TZ0.25:

  Discuss the effects of Allied diplomacy and the Paris peace treaties on the Middle East to 1923.

Effects of Paris peace treaties: territorial and political impact; mandate system; British and French administration in Iraq, Transjordan, Syria and Lebanon

• 17M.3op1.HL.TZ0.25: “The Paris peace treaties created more conflict than peace in the Middle East.” Discuss.
• 18N.3op1.HL.TZ0.25:

  Evaluate the impact of French administration in Syria and Lebanon.

• 20N.3op1.HL.TZ0.25: Evaluate British administration in Iraq and Transjordan.
• 21N.3op1.HL.TZ0.25: Examine the reasons for, and the results of, the mandate system in Syria and Lebanon.

Egypt after the First World War: nationalism; emergence of Wafd Party; Declaration of Independence; British influence

• 17M.3op1.HL.TZ0.26: Examine the impact of the First World War on the movement for Egyptian independence.
• 19N.3op1.HL.TZ0.25: Discuss the importance of the First World War to the nationalist movement in Egypt.
• 21M.3op1.HL.TZ0.25: “The Declaration of Independence reduced British influence in Egypt after 1922.” Discuss.
• 22M.3op1.HL.TZ0.25: “The First World War was the most important reason for the growth of the nationalist movement in...

Palestine mandate: economic, social and political developments; impact of Jewish immigration and settlement; British responses and policies

• 19M.3op1.HL.TZ0.26: To what extent did economic developments in Palestine contribute to Arab–Jewish tensions?
• 19N.3op1.HL.TZ0.26: “The Arab–Jewish dispute, up to 1945, was a consequence of British policies.” To what extent do...
• 20N.3op1.HL.TZ0.26: “Jewish immigration to Palestine was the main cause of Arab-Jewish tensions up to 1939.” Discuss.

Ataturk and the Turkish Republic: aims and policies; impact on Turkish society; successes and failures

• 17N.3op1.HL.TZ0.26: Evaluate the success of Ataturk’s rule in the Turkish Republic up to 1938.
• 21M.3op1.HL.TZ0.26: “Ataturk was successful in achieving his aims.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Case study on Iran, Saudi Arabia or a North African state: economic, political and social developments; western influences; attempts at modernization

• 18M.3op1.HL.TZ0.26:

  Evaluate the attempts at modernization in Iran or Saudi Arabia or one North African state.

• 18N.3op1.HL.TZ0.26:

  With reference to the period between 1914 and 1945, evaluate political and social developments in one of the following: Iran; Saudi Arabia; a North African state.

• 21N.3op1.HL.TZ0.26: To what extent were attempts at modernization in Iran or Saudi Arabia or one North African state...
• 22M.3op1.HL.TZ0.26: “Western influences had a significant impact on economic and social developments.” Discuss with...