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Date May 2022 Marks available 15 Reference code 22M.3op1.HL.TZ0.8
Level Higher level only Paper Paper 3 (History of Africa and the Middle East) Time zone TZ0
Command term Discuss Question number 8 Adapted from N/A

Question

Section 4: The Ottomans (1281–1566)

“The desire for wealth was the most important reason for the Ottoman capture of Constantinople.” Discuss.

Markscheme

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the statement that the desire for wealth was the most important reason for the Ottoman capture of Constantinople. Reasons may predate the timeframe but they must be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may refer to the wealth of Constantinople created by its control of trade routes and its position as the terminus of the Silk Road, the great wealth and treasure located in palaces, churches, markets and its enormous population. Other factors may include its strategic location between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean as well as Europe and Asia which challenged Ottoman control in the region. The desire to eliminate a Christian rival to Muslim power was important as was the prestige that would accrue from the conquest of the largest and wealthiest European city. The Ottoman desire to acquire a capital city which would reflect their power was important, as was the fact that Constantinople was militarily weak and had no allies. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

Examiners report

[N/A]

Syllabus sections

HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 1: History of Africa and the Middle East » 4: The Ottomans (1281–1566) » Ottoman invasion and capture of Byzantium; reasons for, and consequences of, the fall of Constantinople (1453); its effect on transforming the Ottoman state
HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 1: History of Africa and the Middle East » 4: The Ottomans (1281–1566)
HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 1: History of Africa and the Middle East
HL options: first exams 2017

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