Date | May 2021 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 21M.3op1.HL.TZ0.8 |
Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Africa and the Middle East) | Time zone | TZ0 |
Command term | To what extent | Question number | 8 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Section 4: The Ottomans (1281–1566)
“The capture of Constantinople transformed the Ottoman state.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the statement that the capture of Constantinople transformed the Ottoman state. Consequences may extend beyond the timeframe but they must be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may refer to the great expansion of Ottoman commercial and strategic interests in the Mediterranean. The Ottoman Empire became a new cultural and intellectual centre attracting artists and scholars. The removal of the last Christian state in the Middle East enabled the Ottomans to expand into the Middle East. Ottoman power was recognized in Europe and the Ottomans became part of the European treaty system; many Europeans came to study at Ottoman institutions. The position of the Sultan was strengthened as he now had a permanent capital. Candidates’ opinions and conclusions will be clearly presented and supported by relevant content.