Date | November 2017 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 17N.3op1.HL.TZ0.08 |
Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Africa and the Middle East) | Time zone | TZ0 |
Command term | To what extent | Question number | 08 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
To what extent did the fall of Constantinople (1453) transform the Ottoman state?
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the view that the fall of Constantinople transformed the Ottoman state. They may argue that the fall of Constantinople was of major significance to the Ottomans, as the strategic importance of the city instantly transformed the Ottoman state into a major regional power. From their new capital, they could control the Black Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean, Anatolia and the Balkans. The development of Istanbul as a port and commercial city led to greater interaction with the wider Mediterranean region. This interaction included trade with the Italian city states, the result of which was the burgeoning prosperity of the empire. Alternatively, candidates may argue that the transformation of the state itself was more limited, with the Ottomans failing to adopt any administrative practices from the Byzantines, preferring to derive their cultural influences from the Seljuk Turks.