To what extent do you agree that the gold rushes had a positive impact on the development of either Australia or New Zealand?

The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the suggestion that the gold rushes had a positive impact on the development of either Australia or New Zealand. Candidates may refer to the ways in which the gold rushes led to increased migration to Australia/New Zealand by Asians, Europeans and Americans. This in turn led to the rapid development of towns throughout both countries. The creation of towns led to developments in infrastructure such as transportation and communication. The creation of these communities also saw the beginnings of a shared identity. More negative aspects of the gold rushes may include a discussion of the increase in racial tensions and rising crime rates. The negative impact of the gold rushes and creation of towns on the indigenous populations may also be addressed. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.