Discuss the impact of the emergence of the labour movement in either Australia or New Zealand from the mid-19th century to 1919.

Candidates will offer a considered balanced review of the impact of the emergence of the labour movement in their chosen country in the given timeframe. Candidates may adopt a chronological approach that outlines the circumstances leading to the emergence of the labour movement, but they will be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may choose a thematic approach and refer to social, economic and political factors, which will be determined by the country selected. These may include the changing nature of unionism, depressions and the country’s economy, the demands for wage regulation and better working conditions, the rise of labour political parties and legislative reforms, and the changes in social conditions. These need not all be covered or covered equally. While other, relevant, factors such as conservative political influences and the impact of the First World War may be referred to, the bulk of the response will remain on the issue raised in the question.